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      Correction: Visualization of the intracavitary blood flow in systemic ventricles of Fontan patients by contrast echocardiography using particle image velocimetry

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          Abstract

          Following publication of our article [1] the authors noted that the legends for Figure 1 and Figure 2 were incorrect. The correct legend for Figure 1 is: Sequence analysis of systemic ventricular flow during systole and diastole in Fontan patients. The vortex from the Fontan group was consistently shorter, wider and rounder. The vortices were located at the centre of the left ventricle throughout diastole and systole and did not redirect flow in a coherent, sequential fashion as in controls. The location, shape and sphericity of the main vortices differ clearly from controls in all cardiac cycle [early diastole(A), late diastole(B), ejection (C)]. The correct legend for Figure 2 is: Sequence analysis of systemic ventricular flow during systole and diastole in controls. The vortex from the control group was compact, elliptically shaped, and located apically. The location, shape and sphericity of the main vortices differ clearly from the Fontan group in all cardiac cycle [early diastole(A), late diastole(B), ejection (C)]. It was also noted the legends for the Additional file 1 and Addition file 2 were also incorrect: The correct legend for Additional file 1 is: The flow patterns of a 38 year old female without cardiac abnormalities The correct legend for Additional file 2 is: The flow pattern of a 29 year old male with Fontan circulation. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused by this error.

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          Visualization of the intracavitary blood flow in systemic ventricles of Fontan patients by contrast echocardiography using particle image velocimetry

          Background Flow patterns in univentricular hearts may have clinical value. Therefore, it is our objective to asses and characterize vortex flow patterns with Fontan circulation in comparison with healthy controls. Methods Twenty-three patients (8 Fontan and 15 normal patients) underwent echocardiography with intravenous contrast agent (Sonovue®) administration. Dedicated software was used to perform particle image velocimetry (PIV) and to visualize intracavitary flow in the systemic ventricles of the patients. Vortex parameters including vortex depth, length, width, and sphericity index were measured. Vortex pulsatility parameters including relative strength, vortex relative strength, and vortex pulsation correlation were also measured. Results The data from this study show that it is feasible to perform particle velocimetry in Fontan patients. Vortex length (VL) was significantly lower (0.51 ± 0.09 vs 0.65 ± 0.12, P = 0.010) and vortex width (VW) (0.32 ± 0.06 vs 0.27 ± 0.04, p = 0.014), vortex pulsation correlation (VPC) (0.26 ± 0.25 vs -0.22 ± 0.87, p = 0.05) were significantly higher in Fontan patients. Sphericity index (SI) (1.66 ± 0.48 vs 2.42 ± 0.62, p = 0.005), relative strength (RS) (0.77 ± 0.33 vs 1.90 ± 0.47, p = 0.0001), vortex relative strength (VRS) (0.18 ± 0.13 vs 0.43 ± 0.14, p = 0.0001) were significantly lower in the Fontan patients group. Conclusions PIV using contrast echocardiography is feasible in Fontan patients. Fontan patients had aberrant flow patterns as compared to normal hearts in terms of position, shape and sphericity of the main vortices. The vortex from the Fontan group was consistently shorter, wider and rounder than in controls. Whether vortex characteristics are related with clinical outcome is subject to further investigation.
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            Author and article information

            Journal
            Cardiovasc Ultrasound
            Cardiovasc Ultrasound
            Cardiovascular Ultrasound
            BioMed Central
            1476-7120
            2012
            26 April 2012
            : 10
            : 18
            Affiliations
            [1 ]Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
            [2 ]Department of Cardiology, Polyclinic General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
            [3 ]Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
            [4 ]Congenital and Structural Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
            Article
            1476-7120-10-18
            10.1186/1476-7120-10-18
            3413595
            22537255
            c4152d41-3bd1-48a4-abe6-0e54651a3599
            Copyright ©2012 Lampropoulos et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

            This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

            History
            : 16 April 2012
            : 26 April 2012
            Categories
            Correction

            Cardiovascular Medicine
            Cardiovascular Medicine

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