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      Parásitos intestinales de Zaedyus pichiy (Xenarthra: Dasypodidae) de Mendoza, Argentina Translated title: Intestinal parasites of Zaedyus pichiy (Xenarthra-Dasypodidae) from Mendoza, Argentina

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          Abstract

          El piche Zaedyus pichiy es un pequeño armadillo que habita zonas áridas y semiáridas de Argentina y Chile. En este trabajo se estudiaron los parásitos intestinales de 53 piches silvestres de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, y se evaluó la distribución de las especies parásitas halladas en la población hospedadora. Se analizaron las heces mediante técnicas de sedimentación y flotación, se estimaron las cargas parasitarias y se realizaron coprocultivos. El 93% de las muestras fueron positivas para protistas y/o helmintos. Entre los protistas, se observaron tres tipos diferentes de ooquistes de Eimeria (Coccidia, Eimeriidae), que sugieren la existencia de tres especies diferentes. Entre los helmintos, se identificaron huevos de Cestoda: Mathevotaenia sp. (Anoplocephalidae) y Nematoda: Trichuris sp. (Trichuridae); Aspidodera spp. (Aspidoderidae); Cyclobulura sp. (Subuluridae) y Trichostrongyloidea. Aspidodera spp. (79%) y Eimeria spp. (64%) fueron los más prevalentes, seguidos por Trichostrongyloidea (26%). Los restantes parásitos registraron prevalencias menores al 15%. Eimeria spp., Trichuris sp. y Cyclobulura sp. representan los primeros registros para Xenarthra en Argentina. Zaedyus pichiy es nuevo hospedador para Mathevotaenia sp. Las cargas parasitarias promedio fueron bajas para nematodes y moderadas para protistas. El monitoreo de las cargas parasitarias a lo largo del tiempo permitirá evaluar el impacto de actividades antrópicas y de factores ambientales sobre la salud poblacional de piches silvestres.

          Translated abstract

          The pichi Zaedyus pichiy is a small armadillo that lives in arid and semi-arid habitats of Argentina and Chile. We studied the intestinal parasites of 53 wild pichis from Mendoza Province, Argentina, and evaluated the distribution of the parasite species in the host population. We analyzed the feces by means of sedimentation and flotation techniques, estimated the parasite load, and performed fecal cultures. Ninety three percent of the samples were positive for protists and/or helminths. Among protists, we observed three different types of Eimeria (Coccidia, Eimeriidae) oocysts that suggest the existence of three different species. Among helminths, we identified eggs of Cestoda: Mathevotaenia sp. (Anoplocephalidae) and Nematoda: Trichuris sp. (Trichuridae); Aspidodera spp. (Aspidoderidae); Cyclobulura sp. (Subuluridae) and Trichostrongyloidea. Aspidodera spp. (79%) and Eimeria spp. (64%) were the most prevalent parasites, followed by Trichostrongyloidea (26%). The remaining parasites registered prevalences below 15%. Eimeria spp., Trichuris sp. and Cyclobulura sp. were recorded for the first time in a xenarthran host from Argentina. Zaedyus pichiy is a new host for Mathevotaenia sp. Mean parasite loads were low for nematodes and moderate for protists. Monitoring the parasite load of pichis over time will allow evaluating the impact of human activities and of environmental factors on the health of their wild populations.

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          A guideline for the preparation of species descriptions in the Eimeriidae.

          Members of the suborder Eimeriina (phylum Apicomplexa: class Sporozoea: order Eucoccidiorida) have complex 1 or 2 host life cycles that involve endogenous development in the tissues of vertebrates or invertebrates and exogenous development in an oocyst, usually outside the host(s). Because tissue stages are logistically difficult or even impossible to obtain in natural (wild) host-parasite systems, the vast majority (> 98%) of species in this parasite complex are known only from the structure of their sporulated oocyst. Unfortunately, the quality of these species descriptions is uneven because no guidelines are available for workers in the field to follow. Here we propose a specific set of guidelines for the preparation of species descriptions of coccidia based predominently on the structure of the sporulated oocyst, because the oocyst is the most readily available stage in the life cycle. In addition, we emphasize that ancillary data be incorporated whenever possible with the species description; these data may include, but are not limited to, ecological parameters, prevalence, seasonal data, and the deposition of both host symbiotypes and parasite hepantotypes (= phototypes) into accredited musecums so that accurate identification of both host and parasite material can be assured in perpetuity. And finally, if oocysts are collected in pure suspension, that is, if only one coccidian species (morphotype) is present in the sample, then some oocysts should be saved in 70% ethanol and archived in an accredited museum in the event that future workers might wish to amplify and, later, sequence the parasite's DNA.
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            Mamíferos de Argentina: Sistemática y Distribución

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              Hibernation and daily torpor in an armadillo, the pichi (Zaedyus pichiy)

              Hibernation and daily torpor are physiological strategies to cope with energetic challenges that occur in many mammalian and avian taxa, but no reliable information exists about daily torpor or hibernation for any xenarthran. Our objective was to determine whether the pichi (Zaedyus pichiy), a small armadillo (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) that inhabits arid and semi-arid habitats in central and southern Argentina and Chile, enters shallow daily torpor or prolonged deep hibernation during winter when environmental temperature and food availability are low. We studied body temperature changes during winter in semi-captive pichis by means of temperature dataloggers implanted subcutaneously. All individuals entered hibernation, characterized by torpor events of 75+/-20 h during which the subcutaneous temperature (T(sc)) decreased to 14.6+/-2.1 degrees C. These events were interrupted by periods of euthermia of 44+/-38 h with a T(sc) of 29.1+/-0.7 degrees C. After the hibernation season, daily torpor bouts of 4 to 6 h occurred irregularly, with T(sc) dropping to as low as 24.5 degrees C. We conclude that the pichi is a true hibernator and can enter daily torpor outside of the hibernation season.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mznt
                Mastozoología neotropical
                Mastozool. neotrop.
                Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos (SAREM) (Mendoza )
                1666-0536
                December 2009
                : 16
                : 2
                : 309-319
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Argentina
                [2 ] University of New Orleans USA
                Article
                S0327-93832009000200004
                c33d1763-48ef-40c5-a1c3-0dfc442f1810

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Argentina

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0327-9383&lng=en
                Categories
                ZOOLOGY

                Animal science & Zoology
                Armadillos,Helminths,Parasite loads,Prevalence,Protists,Cargas parasitarias,Helmintos,Prevalencia,Protistas

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