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      Identificación de parásitos intestinales en agua de pozos profundos de cuatro municipios. Estado Aragua, Venezuela. 2011-2012 Translated title: Identification of intestinal parasites in water from deep wells located in four municipalities of the state of Aragua, Venezuela, 2011-2012

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          Abstract

          Introducción: el agua subterránea es un recurso natural que se encuentra entre grietas y espacios debajo del suelo, acumulándose en capas de tierra, arena y rocas compuestas por materiales permeables que permiten su movilización, siendo explotada mediante el bombeo en pozos; ésta se contamina con microorganismos patógenos por filtración subterránea de aguas servidas y otros tipos de contaminantes. Objetivos: identificar parásitos intestinales en agua de consumo humano proveniente de pozos profundos en los municipios Girardot (GIR), Francisco Linares Alcántara (FLA), José Ángel Lamas (JAL) y Libertador (LIB) del estado Aragua-Venezuela. Métodos: se tomaron muestras de agua provenientes de 56 pozos profundos distribuidos en los cuatro municipios, se les aplicó la técnica de concentración por floculación para la recuperación de huevos de helmintos y quistes de protozoarios y la tinción de Kinyoun para el diagnóstico de coccidios y microsporidios intestinales. Resultados: en la recuperación de huevos de helmintos, quistes protozoarios y microspordios intestinales se encontró una prevalencia general de 37,5 %, siendo FLA el de mayor valor (70 %). Se observó la presencia de protozoarios en 90 % de las muestras positivas, las especies más frecuentes correspondieron a Blastocystis sp. y Endolimax nana, solo en FLA se observaron huevos de helmintos. No se evidenció la presencia de coccidios en las muestras analizadas, con respecto a microsporidios se encontró en una muestra de LIB. Conclusión: estos resultados indican la necesidad de tratar el agua para su posterior consumo, dado que representa un importante medio de transmisión para los parásitos intestinales.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: groundwater is a natural resource found in underground cracks and gaps, where it accumulates in layers of soil, sand and rock made up of permeable materials allowing its motion. The wells from which groundwater is pumped up may become contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms due to subsoil filtration of wastewater and other contaminants. Objectives: identify intestinal parasites in human consumption water from deep wells located in the municipalities of Girardot (GIR), Francisco Linares Alcántara (FLA), José Ángel Lamas (JAL) and Libertador (LIB), in the state of Aragua, Venezuela. Methods: water samples were collected from 56 deep wells located in the four municipalities. The flocculation concentration method was applied to recover helminth eggs and protozoan cysts. Kinyoun staining was used to diagnose intestinal coccidia and microsporidians. Results: recovery of helminth eggs, protozoan cysts and intestinal microsporidians revealed an overall prevalence of 37.5 %, with the greatest values in FLA (70 %). Protozoa were found in 90 % of the positive samples, the most common species being Blastocystis sp. and Endolimax nana. Helminth eggs were found only in FLA. No evidence was observed of the presence of coccidia in the samples analyzed. Microsporidians were found in a sample from LIB. Conclusion: results point to the need to treat the water before human consumption, being as it is an important medium for the transmission of intestinal parasites.

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          Most cited references26

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          A new method for the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from water.

          A novel method for the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from water has been developed, based upon the precipitation of calcium carbonate. A 10 l water sample is treated by adding solutions of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate and raising the pH value to 10 with sodium hydroxide. Crystals of calcium carbonate form and enmesh particles in the Cryptosporidium oocyst size range. The crystals are allowed to settle, the supernatant fluid is discarded and the calcium carbonate precipitate dissolved in sulphamic acid. The sample can be concentrated further by centrifugation. Recoveries of oocysts from seeded samples of deionized, tap and river water were in excess of 68%.
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            Presence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in drinking water supplies in northern Spain.

            To evaluate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in surface water supplies from the province of Alava, northern Spain, and to investigate possible associations among the presence of these pathogenic protozoa with microbiological, physicochemical and atmospheric parameters. A total of 284 samples of drinking and recreational water supplies were analysed. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 63.5% of river samples, 33.3% of reservoirs samples, 15.4% and 22.6% of raw water samples from conventional and small water treatment facilities (respectively), 30.8% of treated water from small treatment facilities, and 26.8% of tap water from municipalities with chlorination treatment only. Giardia cysts were found in 92.3% of river samples, 55.5% of reservoirs samples, 26.9% and 45.2% of raw water samples from conventional and small water treatment facilities (respectively), 19.2% of treated water from small treatment facilities, and 26.8% of tap water from municipalities with chlorination treatment only. The presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia had significant Pearson's correlation coefficients (P < 0.01) with the turbidity levels of the samples, and a number of significant associations were also found with the count levels for total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The samples were positive for Cryptosporidium significantly (P < 0.05) more frequently during the autumn season than during the spring and winter seasons. No significant differences were found in the seasonal pattern of Giardia. A moderate association (r = 0.52) was found between rainfall and the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Cryptosporidium and Giardia are consistently found at elevated concentrations in surface waters for human consumption from the province of Alava, northern Spain. Water treatments based on rapid filtration process and/or chlorination only are often unsatisfactory to provide safe drinking water, a situation that represents an important public health problem for the affected population because of the risk of waterborne outbreaks.
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              Detección de parásitos intestinales en agua y alimentos de Trujillo, Perú

              Detectamos distintas especies de parásitos intestinales, tanto protozoos como helmintos, presentes en muestras de agua provenientes de acequias y pozos (Giardia lamblia, Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cryptosporidium spp. y Balantidium coli), así como en alimentos crudos y cocidos (Giardia lamblia, Cyclospora cayetanensis., Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba butschlii y Blastocystis hominis Fasciola hepatica y Ascaris lumbricoides) recolectadas en varios distritos de la provincia de Trujillo, Perú.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mtr
                Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical
                Rev Cubana Med Trop
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0375-0760
                1561-3054
                August 2014
                : 66
                : 2
                : 164-173
                Affiliations
                [01] Maracay orgnameInstituto de Altos Estudios Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldon orgdiv1Servicio Autónomo Venezuela
                Article
                S0375-07602014000200002 S0375-0760(14)06600202
                5b9f17bd-56d2-4878-98f0-9b570b1c5f91

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 December 2013
                : 07 May 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                parásitos intestinales,agua subterránea,flocculation,intestinal parasites,groundwater,floculación

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