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      Investigation and comparison of graphene nanoribbon and carbon nanotube based SARS-cov-2 detection sensors: An ab initio study

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          Abstract

          The rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen of the Covid-19 pandemic, is obviously of great importance for stopping the spread of the virus by detecting infected individuals. Here, we report the ab initio analysis results of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) and carbon nanotube (CNT) based SARS-CoV-2 detection sensors which are experimentally demonstrated in the literature. The investigated structures are the realistic molecular models of the sensors that are employing 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester as the antibody linker. Density functional theory in conjunction with non-equilibrium Green's function formalism (DFT-NEGF) is used to obtain the transmission spectra, current-voltage and resistance-voltage characteristics of the sensors before and after the attachment of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The operation mechanism of the GNR and CNT based SARS-CoV-2 sensors are exposed using the transmission spectrum analysis. Moreover, it is observed that GNR based sensor has more definitive detection characteristics compared to its CNT based counterpart.

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          Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple

          John P Perdew, Kieron Burke, Matthias Ernzerhof (1997)
          Article 0 comments Cited 29324 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV

            Meng Yuan, Nicholas C. Wu, Xueyong Zhu … (2020)
            The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has now become a pandemic, but there is currently very little understanding of the antigenicity of the virus. We therefore determined the crystal structure of CR3022, a neutralizing antibody previously isolated from a convalescent SARS patient, in complex with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein to 3.1 Å. CR3022 targets a highly conserved epitope, distal from the receptor-binding site, that enables cross-reactive binding between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. Structural modeling further demonstrates that the binding epitope can only be accessed by CR3022 when at least two RBD on the trimeric S protein are in the “up” conformation and slightly rotated. Overall, this study provides molecular insights into antibody recognition of SARS-CoV-2.
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              Rapid Detection of COVID-19 Causative Virus (SARS-CoV-2) in Human Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens Using Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensor

              Giwan Seo, Geonhee Lee, Mi Jeong Kim … (2020)
              Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging human infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously called 2019-nCoV). Based on the rapid increase in the rate of human infection, the World Health Organization (WHO) has classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. Because no specific drugs or vaccines for COVID-19 are yet available, early diagnosis and management are crucial for containing the outbreak. Here, we report a field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensing device for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The sensor was produced by coating graphene sheets of the FET with a specific antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The performance of the sensor was determined using antigen protein, cultured virus, and nasopharyngeal swab specimens from COVID-19 patients. Our FET device could detect the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at concentrations of 1 fg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline and 100 fg/mL clinical transport medium. In addition, the FET sensor successfully detected SARS-CoV-2 in culture medium (limit of detection [LOD]: 1.6 × 101 pfu/mL) and clinical samples (LOD: 2.42 × 102 copies/mL). Thus, we have successfully fabricated a promising FET biosensor for SARS-CoV-2; our device is a highly sensitive immunological diagnostic method for COVID-19 that requires no sample pretreatment or labeling.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Physica B Condens Matter
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Physica B Condens Matter
                Title: Physica. B, Condensed Matter
                Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
                ISSN (Print): 0921-4526
                ISSN (Electronic): 1873-2135
                Publication date PMC-release: 20 October 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 October 2022
                Electronic Location Identifier: 414438
                Affiliations
                [a ]Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Dept. of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Kayseri, Turkey
                [b ]Cukurova University, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Adana, Turkey
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S0921-4526(22)00723-2 Publisher ID: 414438
                DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2022.414438
                PMC ID: 9582926
                PubMed ID: 36281340
                SO-VID: c175d184-5f0d-4b39-a1a1-9e67732f3e84
                Copyright © © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 29 July 2022
                Date revision received : 8 October 2022
                Date accepted : 15 October 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Condensed matter
                Keywords: sars-cov-2,sensor,graphene nanoribbon,carbon nanotube,pbase linker,antibody
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Condensed matter
                Keywords: sars-cov-2, sensor, graphene nanoribbon, carbon nanotube, pbase linker, antibody

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