Associations between physical fitness and comorbidity of problematic mobile phone use and depression among first-year students of a medical college in Jiangsu

Abstract

Objective To exploring the associations of the physical fitness index with depression, problematic mobile phone use, and comorbidity, so as to provide references for exploring the comorbidity co-cause and co-prevention of mobile phone dependence and depression symptoms among adolescents.

Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 984 first-year students at two medical colleges in Jiangsu Province from October to November in 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) were used to evaluate the risk of depression and symptoms of problematic mobile phone use. Tests included grip strength, standing long jump, 50 m running, modified sitting forward flexion, 20 s repeated traverse, 1 min sit-ups, 20 m round-trip running (20 m SRT), and 800/1 000 m run. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations of the physical fitness index with depression and problematic mobile phone use, and mediating effects were analyzed.

Results The overall detection rates were 28.63% for depression symptoms, 24.95% for problematic mobile phone use, and 13.65% for comorbidity. Compared with students without depressive symptoms, students without mobile phone dependence, and students without comorbidity [0.08 (−1.84, 2.06), 0.14 (−1.84, 2.06), 15 (−1.82, 2.12)], students with depressive symptoms [mild: −0.03 (−1.91, 1.41), moderate: −0.22 (−3.17, 2.37), severe: −1.62 (−3.33, −0.16)], mobile phone dependence [−0.45 (−2.17, 1.06)], and their comorbid symptoms[no depression and mobile phone dependence: 0.06 (−1.98, 1.54), depression without mobile phone dependence: −0.37 (−2.21, 1.17), both: −0.52 (−2.17, 0.97)] had lower physical fitness index ( Z/H =4.40, 20.84, 20.80, P <0.01). The risk of depression and problematic mobile phone use, and the co-morbidity detection rate in the higher physical fitness index group were lower than those in the lower physical fitness index group [ OR(95% CI) =0.61(0.47-0.80), 0.62(0.48-0.79), 0.65(0.47-0.91), P<0.05]. Analysis of mediating effects indicated that problematic mobile phone use had an indirect effect (indirect effect = 0.014) on the physical fitness index and depression, and accounted for 36.84% of the total effect.

Conclusions The physical fitness index is associated with depression, problematic mobile phone use, and comorbidity. Physical exercise and physical fitness efforts should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence of mobile phone dependence, depression, and comorbidity.

Abstract

【摘要】 目的 探讨医学院校大学新生体能指数(PFI)与抑郁症状、手机依赖及其共患的关联性, 为探索青少年手机依赖 和抑郁症状“共患-共因-共防”提供参考。 方法 2021 年 10—11 月, 采取分层随机整群抽样方法抽取江苏省 2 所医学院 校 2021 年新人学的 1 984 名本科生作为调查对象。采用患者健康问卷-9项 (PHQ-9) 和青少年手机使用依赖自评问卷 (SQAPMPU) 评估抑郁症状和手机依赖, 并完成握力、立定跳远、50 m 跑、改良坐位体前屈、20 s 反复横跨、1 min 仰卧起坐、20 m 往返跑以及 800/1 000 m 跑。采用二元 Logistic 回归分析大新学生体能与抑郁症状、手机依赖及其共患的关联性, 并 进行中介作用分析。 结果 大学新生抑郁症状检出率为28.63%, 手机依赖检出率为 24.95%, 共患检出率为 13.65%。与无 抑郁症状、无手机依赖、无共患者 [0.08 (−1.84, 2.06), 0.14(−1.84, 2.06), 0.15(−1.82, 2.12)] 相比, 具有抑郁症状 [轻度: −0.03(−1.91, 1.41); 中度: −0.22(−3.17, 2.37); 重度: −1.62(−3.33, −0.16)]、手机依赖 [−0.45(−2.17, 1.06)] 及其共患症 状者 [无抑郁有手机依赖: 0.06(−1.98, 1.54); 有抑郁无手机依赖: −0.37(−2.21, 1.17); 均有: −0.52(−2.17, 0.97)] 体能指数 均较低 ( Z/H 值分别为 4.40, 20.84, 20.80, P 值均<0.01)。与低体能相比, 高体能组抑郁症状、手机依赖和共患的风险均降 低 [ OR 值 (95% CI) 分别为 0.61(0.47~0.80), 0.62(0.48~0.79), 0.65(0.47~0.91), P 值均<0.05]。手机依赖在体能与抑郁 症状的关联中起到不完全中介效应, 效应值 0.014, 占总效应的 36.84%。 结论 大学新生体能状况与抑郁症状、手机依赖 及其共患存在关联性。应加强大学新生体育锻炼、增强体能, 预防其手机依赖、抑郁症状及共患的发生。