3D printed drug loaded nanomaterials for wound healing applications

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Abstract

Wounds are a stern healthcare concern in the growth of chronic disease conditions as they can increase healthcare costs and complicate internal and external health. Advancements in the current and newer management systems for wound healing should be in place to counter the health burden of wounds. Researchers discovered that two-dimensional (2D) media lacks appropriate real-life detection of cellular matter as these have highly complicated and diverse structures, compositions, and interactions. Hence, innovation towards three-dimensional (3D) media is called to conquer the high-level assessment and characterization in vivo using new technologies. The application of modern wound dressings prepared from a degenerated natural tissue, biodegradable biopolymer, synthetic polymer, or a composite of these materials in wound healing is currently an area of innovation in tissue regeneration medicine. Moreover, the integration of 3D printing and nanomaterial science is a promising approach with the potential for individualized, flexible, and precise technology for wound care approaches. This review encompasses the outcomes of various investigations on recent advances in 3D-printed drug-loaded natural, synthetic, and composite nanomaterials for wound healing. The challenges associated with their fabrication, clinical application progress, and future perspectives are also addressed.

Highlights

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3D multiple-layer printed preparations for wound healing can simulate the entire skin structure and layers.
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Combining natural and synthetic materials improved 3D product compatibility and strength.
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Metallic NPs, when applied as a 3D-printed wound healing scaffold, demonstrated promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
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Smart 3D-printed drug-loaded hydrogels have opened a new horizon for wound dressing with controlled release of bioactive substances/drugs.
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Further investigations should progress into the application of 4D printing systems which comprises “3D printing plus time”.

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Most cited references 177

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Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing

Samuel Clark Ligon, Robert Liska, Jürgen Stampfl … (2017)

Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD) virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography data, AM builds objects layer by layer without the need for molds or machining. AM enables decentralized fabrication of customized objects on demand by exploiting digital information storage and retrieval via the Internet. The ongoing transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing prompts new challenges for mechanical engineers and materials scientists alike. Because polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM, this Review focuses on polymer processing and the development of polymers and advanced polymer systems specifically for AM. AM techniques covered include vat photopolymerization (stereolithography), powder bed fusion (SLS), material and binder jetting (inkjet and aerosol 3D printing), sheet lamination (LOM), extrusion (FDM, 3D dispensing, 3D fiber deposition, and 3D plotting), and 3D bioprinting. The range of polymers used in AM encompasses thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, hydrogels, functional polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biological systems. Aspects of polymer design, additives, and processing parameters as they relate to enhancing build speed and improving accuracy, functionality, surface finish, stability, mechanical properties, and porosity are addressed. Selected applications demonstrate how polymer-based AM is being exploited in lightweight engineering, architecture, food processing, optics, energy technology, dentistry, drug delivery, and personalized medicine. Unparalleled by metals and ceramics, polymer-based AM plays a key role in the emerging AM of advanced multifunctional and multimaterial systems including living biological systems as well as life-like synthetic systems.

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3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues.

Christian Mandrycky, Zongjie Wang, Keekyoung Kim … (2016)

Bioprinting is a 3D fabrication technology used to precisely dispense cell-laden biomaterials for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues or artificial organs. While still in its early stages, bioprinting strategies have demonstrated their potential use in regenerative medicine to generate a variety of transplantable tissues, including skin, cartilage, and bone. However, current bioprinting approaches still have technical challenges in terms of high-resolution cell deposition, controlled cell distributions, vascularization, and innervation within complex 3D tissues. While no one-size-fits-all approach to bioprinting has emerged, it remains an on-demand, versatile fabrication technique that may address the growing organ shortage as well as provide a high-throughput method for cell patterning at the micrometer scale for broad biomedical engineering applications. In this review, we introduce the basic principles, materials, integration strategies and applications of bioprinting. We also discuss the recent developments, current challenges and future prospects of 3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues. Combined with recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell technologies, 3D-bioprinted tissue models could serve as an enabling platform for high-throughput predictive drug screening and more effective regenerative therapies.

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Three-dimensional bioprinting of thick vascularized tissues.

David B Kolesky, Kimberly A Homan, Mark A Skylar-Scott … (2016)

The advancement of tissue and, ultimately, organ engineering requires the ability to pattern human tissues composed of cells, extracellular matrix, and vasculature with controlled microenvironments that can be sustained over prolonged time periods. To date, bioprinting methods have yielded thin tissues that only survive for short durations. To improve their physiological relevance, we report a method for bioprinting 3D cell-laden, vascularized tissues that exceed 1 cm in thickness and can be perfused on chip for long time periods (>6 wk). Specifically, we integrate parenchyma, stroma, and endothelium into a single thick tissue by coprinting multiple inks composed of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (hNDFs) within a customized extracellular matrix alongside embedded vasculature, which is subsequently lined with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These thick vascularized tissues are actively perfused with growth factors to differentiate hMSCs toward an osteogenic lineage in situ. This longitudinal study of emergent biological phenomena in complex microenvironments represents a foundational step in human tissue generation.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Gebremariam Birhanu

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Regen Ther

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Regen Ther

Title: Regenerative Therapy

Publisher: Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine

ISSN (Electronic): 2352-3204

Publication date PMC-release: 04 September 2023

Publication date Collection: December 2023

Publication date (Electronic): 04 September 2023

Volume: 24

Pages: 361-376

Affiliations

[a ]Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, PO Box: 79

[b ]Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, PO Box: 1176

[c ]Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa

Author notes

[∗ ]Corresponding author. gebremariam.birhanu@ 123456aau.edu.et

Article

Publisher Item ID: S2352-3204(23)00082-2

DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.08.007

PMC ID: 10491785

PubMed ID: 37692197

SO-VID: c0eb801c-a882-42a4-8f6f-89ac2c2415eb

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

History

Date received : 30 May 2023

Date revision received : 3 August 2023

Date accepted : 24 August 2023

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3D printed drug loaded nanomaterials for wound healing applications

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Abstract

Highlights

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Applications of SAXS

Most cited references 177

Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing

3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues.

Three-dimensional bioprinting of thick vascularized tissues.

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Contributors

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Author notes

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Cited by 5

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