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      Exposure to interparental violence and justification of intimate partner violence among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa

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          Abstract

          Background

          Justification of intimate partner violence (IPV) is one of the critical factors that account for the high prevalence of IPV among women. In this study, we examined the association between exposure to interparental violence and IPV justification among women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

          Methods

          Data for this study were obtained from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 26 countries in SSA conducted between 2010 and 2020. A total of 112,953 women in sexual unions were included in this study. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was carried out. The results of the regression analysis were presented using crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

          Results

          The prevalence of interparental violence in the countries considered in this study was 23.8%, with the highest (40.8%) and lowest (4.9%) in Burundi and Comoros, respectively. IPV justification was 45.8%, with the highest and lowest prevalence in Mali (80.9%) and South Africa (4.6%) respectively. Women who were exposed to interparental violence were more likely to justify IPV compared to those who were not exposed [aOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.47–1.59]. We found higher odds of justification of IPV among women who were exposed to interparental violence compared to those who were not exposed in all the countries, except Burkina Faso, Comoros, Gambia, and Rwanda.

          Conclusion

          The findings call for several strategies for addressing interparental violence. These may include empowerment services targeting both men and women, formation of stronger social networks to improve women’s self-confidence, and the provision of evidence-based information and resources at the community level. These interventions should pay critical attention to young people exposed to interparental violence. Public health education and messaging should emphasise on the negative health and social implications of interparental violence and IPV.

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          The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.

          Erik von Elm, Douglas G. Altman, Matthias Egger … (2014)
          Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.
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            Demographic and health surveys: a profile.

            Daniel J. Corsi, Melissa Neuman, Jocelyn E Finlay … (2012)
            Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are comparable nationally representative household surveys that have been conducted in more than 85 countries worldwide since 1984. The DHS were initially designed to expand on demographic, fertility and family planning data collected in the World Fertility Surveys and Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys, and continue to provide an important resource for the monitoring of vital statistics and population health indicators in low- and middle-income countries. The DHS collect a wide range of objective and self-reported data with a strong focus on indicators of fertility, reproductive health, maternal and child health, mortality, nutrition and self-reported health behaviours among adults. Key advantages of the DHS include high response rates, national coverage, high quality interviewer training, standardized data collection procedures across countries and consistent content over time, allowing comparability across populations cross-sectionally and over time. Data from DHS facilitate epidemiological research focused on monitoring of prevalence, trends and inequalities. A variety of robust observational data analysis methods have been used, including cross-sectional designs, repeated cross-sectional designs, spatial and multilevel analyses, intra-household designs and cross-comparative analyses. In this profile, we present an overview of the DHS along with an introduction to the potential scope for these data in contributing to the field of micro- and macro-epidemiology. DHS datasets are available for researchers through MEASURE DHS at www.measuredhs.com.
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              Frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence by type: physical, sexual, and psychological battering.

              Lorraine P. Smith, James Coker, Stephanie McKeown … (2000)
              This study estimated the frequency and correlates of intimate partner violence by type (physical, sexual, battering, or emotional abuse) among women seeking primary health care. Women aged 18 to 65 years who attended family practice clinics in 1997 and 1998 took part. Participation included a brief in-clinic survey assessing intimate partner violence. Multiple polytomous logistic regression was used to assess correlates of partner violence by type. Of 1401 eligible women surveyed, 772 (55.1%) had experienced some type of intimate partner violence in a current, most recent, or past intimate relationship with a male partner; 20.2% were currently experiencing intimate partner violence. Among those who had experienced partner violence in any relationship, 77.3% experienced physical or sexual violence, and 22.7% experienced nonphysical abuse. Alcohol and/or drug abuse by the male partner was the strongest correlate of violence. Partner substance abuse and intimate partner violence in the woman's family of origin were strong risk factors for experiencing violence. Efforts to universally screen for partner violence and to effectively intervene to reduce the impact of such violence on women's lives must be a public health priority.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Richard Gyan Aboagye: raboagye18@sph.uhas.edu.gh
                Abdul-Aziz Seidu:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-9054
                abdul-aziz.seidu@stu.ucc.edu.gh
                Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare: asiamahyeboah2006@yahoo.com
                Prince Peprah: princepeprah15@gmail.com
                Isaac Yeboah Addo: i.addo@unsw.edu.au
                Bright Opoku Ahinkorah: brightahinkorah@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Arch Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Arch Public Health
                Title: Archives of Public Health
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Print): 0778-7367
                ISSN (Electronic): 2049-3258
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 September 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 9 September 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 79
                Electronic Location Identifier: 162
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.449729.5, ISNI 0000 0004 7707 5975, Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, , University of Health and Allied Sciences, ; Ho, Ghana
                [2 ]GRID grid.413081.f, ISNI 0000 0001 2322 8567, Department of Population and Health, , University of Cape Coast, ; Cape Coast, Ghana
                [3 ]GRID grid.1011.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0474 1797, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, , James Cook University, ; Townsville, Australia
                [4 ]GRID grid.511546.2, ISNI 0000 0004 0424 5478, Department of Estate Management, , Takoradi Technical University, ; P.O. Box, 257, Takoradi, Ghana
                [5 ]GRID grid.1032.0, ISNI 0000 0004 0375 4078, Curtin School of Population Health, , Curtin University, ; Perth, Australia
                [6 ]GRID grid.7107.1, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7291, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, , University of Aberdeen, ; Aberdeen, Scotland UK
                [7 ]GRID grid.1005.4, ISNI 0000 0004 4902 0432, Social Policy Research Centre, , University of New South Wales, ; Sydney, Australia
                [8 ]GRID grid.1005.4, ISNI 0000 0004 4902 0432, Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, , University of New South Wales, ; Sydney, Australia
                [9 ]GRID grid.1005.4, ISNI 0000 0004 4902 0432, Centre for Social Research in Health, , University of New South Wales, ; Sydney, Australia
                [10 ]GRID grid.117476.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7611, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, , University of Technology Sydney, ; Sydney, Australia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-9054
                Article
                Publisher ID: 684
                DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00684-3
                PMC ID: 8428140
                PubMed ID: 34503582
                SO-VID: bf742519-0fa7-4a20-87a6-00331bad37e1
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 20 July 2021
                Date accepted : 26 August 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: interparental violence, justification of intimate partner violence,sub-saharan africa
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: interparental violence, justification of intimate partner violence, sub-saharan africa

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