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      Carga Inflamatória e Carga de Fibrilação Atrial: Uma Relação Bidirecional Translated title: Inflammation Burden and Atrial Fibrillation Burden: A Bidirectional Relationship

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          Abstract

          Resumo Fundamento A carga de fibrilação atrial (FA) é definida como a proporção de tempo que o paciente permanece em FA durante um determinado período de tempo; portanto, é teoricamente mais elevado na FA permanente e mais baixo na FA paroxística. A inflamação está associada ao início e à manutenção da FA. No entanto, a relação entre o índice de inflamação imune sistêmica (SII, do inglês systemic immune-inflammation index) e a carga de FA é desconhecida. Objetivo No presente estudo, investigamos a relação entre o SII e a carga de FA. Métodos O presente estudo é uma análise transversal de 453 pacientes (252 do sexo feminino e 201 do sexo masculino, com idade entre 44 e 94 anos) com FA (138 com FA paroxística e 315 com FA permanente) atendidos no ambulatório de cardiologia entre outubro de 2022 e junho de 2023. O SII foi calculado como (neutrófilos × plaquetas/linfócitos). O papel preditivo do SII e de outros marcadores inflamatórios na probabilidade do padrão de FA foi avaliado por análises de regressão logística, sendo considerado estatisticamente significativo o valor de p < 0,05. Resultados Idade, pressão arterial diastólica, frequência cardíaca, diabetes mellitus, neutrófilos, relação plaquetas-linfócitos, relação neutrófilos-linfócitos, SII, proteína C reativa, largura de distribuição de glóbulos vermelhos, hemoglobina A1c e diâmetro do átrio esquerdo foram significativamente maiores no grupo com FA permanente. De acordo com a análise de regressão logística, idade (p = 0,038), diabetes mellitus (p = 0,024), largura de distribuição de glóbulos vermelhos (p = 0,023), proteína C reativa (p = 0,010), SII (p = 0,001) e o diâmetro do átrio esquerdo (p < 0,001) contribuíram significativamente para a predição da probabilidade de FA permanente. Conclusão O SII está independentemente associado à carga de FA. Estudos prospectivos são necessários para determinar se o SII pode ser útil na identificação de pacientes com alto risco de progressão da FA.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) burden is defined as the proportion of time the patient remains in AF over a given period of time; thus, it is theoretically highest in permanent AF and lowest in paroxysmal AF. Inflammation is associated with the initiation and maintenance of AF. However, the relationship between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and AF burden is unknown. Objective In the present study, we investigated the relationship between SII and AF burden. Methods The present study is a cross-sectional analysis of 453 patients (252 females and 201 males, aged 44 to 94 years) with AF (138 with paroxysmal AF and 315 with permanent AF) who visited the cardiology outpatient clinic between October 2022 and June 2023. SII was calculated as (neutrophils × platelets/lymphocytes). The predictive role of SII and other inflammatory markers in the likelihood of AF pattern was evaluated by logistic regression analyses, and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Age, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes mellitus, neutrophil, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, SII, C-reactive protein, red blood cell distribution width, hemoglobin A1c, and left atrial diameter were significantly higher in the permanent AF group. According to the logistic regression analysis, age (p = 0.038), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.024), red blood cell distribution width (p = 0.023), C-reactive protein (p = 0.010), SII (p = 0.001), and left atrial diameter (p < 0.001) significantly contributed to the prediction of the likelihood of permanent AF. Conclusion SII is independently associated with the AF burden. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether SII may be useful in identifying patients at high risk for AF progression.

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          Most cited references41

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          50 year trends in atrial fibrillation prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and mortality in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort study

          Comprehensive long-term data on atrial fibrillation trends in men and women are scant. We aimed to provide such data through analysis of the Framingham cohort over 50 years.
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            Multisociety Consensus Quality Improvement Revised Consensus Statement for Endovascular Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke.

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              Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective

              In the last 20 years, atrial fibrillation (AF) has become one of the most important public health problems and a significant cause of increasing health care costs in western countries. The prevalence of AF is increasing due to our greater ability to treat chronic cardiac and noncardiac diseases, and the improved ability to suspect and diagnose AF. At the present time, the prevalence of AF (2%) is double that reported in the last decade. The prevalence of AF varies with age and sex. AF is present in 0.12%–0.16% of those younger than 49 years, in 3.7%–4.2% of those aged 60–70 years, and in 10%–17% of those aged 80 years or older. In addition, it occurs more frequently in males, with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The incidence of AF ranges between 0.21 and 0.41 per 1,000 person/years. Permanent AF occurs in approximately 50% of patients, and paroxysmal and persistent AF in 25% each. AF is frequently associated with cardiac disease and comorbidities. The most common concomitant diseases are coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. The most common comorbidities are hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, stroke, and cognitive disturbance. Paroxysmal AF occurs in younger patients and with a reduced burden of both cardiac disease and comorbidities. Generally, the history of AF is long, burdened by frequent recurrences, and associated with symptoms (in two thirds of patients). Patients with AF have a five-fold and two-fold higher risk of stroke and death, respectively. We estimate that the number of patients with AF in 2030 in Europe will be 14–17 million and the number of new cases of AF per year at 120,000–215,000. Given that AF is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, this increasing number of individuals with AF will have major public health implications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abc
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
                Arq. Bras. Cardiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0066-782X
                1678-4170
                2024
                : 121
                : 6
                : e20230680
                Affiliations
                [1] Kırklareli orgnameKırklareli Training and Research Hospital orgdiv1Department of Cardiology Turquia
                [2] Kırklareli orgnameKırklareli University Medical School orgdiv1Kırklareli Training and Research Hospital orgdiv2Department of Internal Medicine Turquia
                [3] Kırklareli orgnameKırklareli University Medical School orgdiv1Kırklareli Training and Research Hospital orgdiv2Emergency Department Turquia
                [4] İstanbul orgnameKartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital orgdiv1Department of Cardiology İstanbul Turquia
                [5] İstanbul orgnameBahçeşehir University orgdiv1Department of Cardiology Turquia
                [6] İstanbul orgnameBaşakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital orgdiv1Department of Cardiology Turquia
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0954-6347
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8959-8381
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-4561
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-1229
                https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0798-7254
                https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0246-2404
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-149X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-7045
                Article
                S0066-782X2024000600306 S0066-782X(24)12100600306
                10.36660/abc.20230680
                bf6a95dd-5469-4e8d-854d-24b813fde46b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 October 2023
                : 13 March 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Atrial Fibrillation,Inflammation,Índice de Imunoinflamação Sistêmica,Systemic Immune-inflammation Index,Fibrilação Atrial,Inflamação

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