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      La madera de Trema micrantha (L.) Blume de Veracruz, México Translated title: Wood of Trema micrantha (L.) Blume from Veracruz, México

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          Abstract

          Se estudió la anatomía microscópica, los índices hidráulicos y mecánicos de la madera de 28 árboles de Trema micrantha de cuatro localidades ubicadas en los municipios de Xico y Coatepec en el estado de Veracruz. Adicionalmente, se determinaron las características macroscópicas, la densidad relativa, el contenido de humedad y algunas pruebas de carpintería en probetas de diferentes tamaños de la madera de tres árboles, con el fin de proponer usos alternativos en zonas rurales. Los resultados mostraron que T. micrantha presenta un xilema mesomórfico, poco resistente a la cavitación, de baja densidad relativa, con valores bajos de índices de colapso de vaso y fibras y altos para el índice de vulnerabilidad. Los análisis de varianza confirman que de todas las características estudiadas solamente el índice de colapso de los vasos es similar entre indivíduos y poblaciones. Las comparaciones múltiples arrojan que los caracteres que separan a las localidades Bola de Oro y Los Barrales de las otras son el grosor de la pared y el número de radios. Las pruebas tecnológicas describen una madera que no se raja al clavado, responde bien al ensamblado y al torneado por lo que se recomienda para su uso en la carpintería rural.

          Translated abstract

          The microscopic anatomy, hydraulic and mechanical indices of the wood of 28 trees of the species Trema micrantha of four localities in the municipalities of Xico and Coatepec in Veracruz State, Mexico were studied. In addition, macroscopic characteristics such as relative density and moisture content were determined. Results showed that T. micrantha has a mesomorphic xylem characterized by low resistance to cavitation, low values of relative density, low indices for vessel and fiber collapse and a high index of vulnerability. An analysis of variance shows that of all the characteristics studied, only the rate of collapse of the vessels is similar between individuals and populations. Multiple comparison tests show that wall thickness and the number of rays separate populations Bola de Oro and Barrales from the other sites of study. Carpentry tests reveal that wood from T. micrantha is resistant to splitting when nailed, is well suited to assemblage, and thus, it is recommended for use in carpentry in rural areas.

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          Plant microtechnique

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            Espécies florestais brasileiras, recomendações silviculturais, potencialidades e uso da madeira

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              Ecological and evolutionary determinants of a key plant functional trait: wood density and its community-wide variation across latitude and elevation.

              Wood density is an important trait in trees indicative of their life history and mechanical and physiological strategies. The following examines the evolutionary ecology of wood density using a large database for seed plants. In particular, we focused on the geographic and phylogenetic variation in wood density for both gymnosperms and angiosperms. A phylogenetic supertree was constructed for over 4600 taxa, allowing for comprehensive analyses of divergences across the seed plant phylogeny. Community-wide means and variances for wood densities were quantified for 171 standardized forest communities. Wood density was generally highly conserved across the entire seed plant phylogeny, yet large divergences were found within the rosid clade. Geographic and community variation in wood density, however, was significantly lower in temperate and high elevation communities, dominated by gymnosperms, than in tropical lowland communities, dominated by angiosperms, suggesting an increase in trait and, to some extent, clade filtering with latitude and elevation. Together, our results support the notion that both biotic and abiotic forces have been important in the evolution of wood density as well as in controlling the observed trait mean and variance across geographic gradients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                mb
                Madera y bosques
                Madera bosques
                Instituto de Ecología A.C. (Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico )
                1405-0471
                2448-7597
                2012
                : 18
                : 2
                : 73-91
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana. orgdiv1Departamento de Biología. aqi@ 123456xanum.uam.mx
                [02] orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana. orgdiv1Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica.
                [03] orgnameUniversidad Veracruzana. orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales.
                Article
                S1405-04712012000200005 S1405-0471(12)01800200005
                be0a2fa7-8891-43c8-acf1-da2d7fbdb43b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 February 2012
                : 10 August 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 19
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos de investigación

                rural areas,wood technology,specific gravity,carpentry,Wood anatomy,zonas rurales,tecnología de la madera,densidad relativa,carpintería,Anatomía de la madera

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