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      Meta-analysis Comparing Outcomes of Type 2 Myocardial Infarction and Type 1 Myocardial Infarction With a Focus on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy

      research-article
      , MD a , , MD b , , MD c , , MD, MSC d , , MD, MSC e , , MD f , , MD, MSC g , , MD, MSC h , , MD, MSC c , , MD, PhD i ,
      CJC Open
      Elsevier

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          Abstract

          Background

          There are important knowledge gaps in type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI). Our primary objective was to compare the outcomes of patients with T2MI with those of patients with type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI). Our secondary objective was to determine whether randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating dual antiplatelets (DAPTs) have explicitly included patients with T2MI.

          Methods

          We performed a meta-analysis comparing outcomes of patients with T2MI with patients with T1MI and a separate systematic review to evaluate the inclusion of T2MI in RCTs evaluating DAPT. There were 19 cohorts enrolling 48,829 patients (40,604 with T1MI and 5361 with T2MI) and 51 RCTs enrolling 188,132 patients with acute coronary syndrome.

          Results

          Patients with T2MI had approximately 2-fold increases in unadjusted odds of long-term mortality compared with patients with T1MI (odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval, 2.06-2.96; P < 0.0001) and a 45% increase in adjusted odds of long-term mortality (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-1.69; P < 0.0001, respectively). There was no published evaluation of efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of DAPT in patients with T2MI.

          Conclusion

          Patients with T2MI are at increased risk of adjusted all-cause long-term mortality compared with patients with T1MI. The role of DAPT remains unclear in T2MI.

          Résumé

          Contexte

          Il existe d’importantes lacunes dans notre connaissance de l’infarctus du myocarde de type 2 (IMT2). Notre objectif principal était de comparer le devenir de patients ayant subi un IMT2 et celui de patients ayant subi un infarctus du myocarde de type 1 (IMT1). Notre objectif secondaire était de déterminer si des essais contrôlés randomisés (ECR) visant à évaluer des bithérapies antiplaquettaires (BA) avaient inclus explicitement des patients ayant subi un IMT2.

          Méthodologie

          Nous avons réalisé une méta-analyse afin de comparer le devenir de patients ayant subi un IMT2 et celui de patients ayant subi un IMT1. Nous avons aussi effectué une revue systématique distincte des données pour évaluer l’inclusion de cas d’IMT2 dans les ECR visant à évaluer des BA. Il y avait 19 cohortes regroupant 48 829 patients (40 604 ayant subi un IMT1 et 5 361 ayant subi un IMT2) et 51 ECR regroupant 188 132 patients atteints d’un syndrome coronarien aigu.

          Résultats

          Chez les patients ayant subi un IMT2, la probabilité non corrigée de mortalité à long terme était environ 2 fois plus élevée que chez les patients ayant subi un IMT1 (rapport de cotes : 2,47; intervalle de confiance à 95 % : 2,06-2,96; p < 0,0001), et la probabilité corrigée de mortalité à long terme était accrue de 45 % (rapport de cotes : 1,45; intervalle de confiance à 95 % : 1,25-1,69; p < 0,0001). Aucune évaluation de l’efficacité (potentielle ou réelle) et de l’innocuité des BA chez les patients ayant subi un IMT2 n’a été publiée.

          Conclusion

          Le risque corrigé de mortalité à long terme toutes causes confondues est plus élevé chez les patients ayant subi un IMT2 que chez les patients ayant subi un IMT1. Le rôle des BA reste à élucider dans les cas d’IMT2.

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          Most cited references61

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          Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.

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            Universal definition of myocardial infarction.

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              Prehospital ticagrelor in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

              The direct-acting platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonist ticagrelor can reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events when administered at hospital admission to patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Whether prehospital administration of ticagrelor can improve coronary reperfusion and the clinical outcome is unknown.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                CJC Open
                CJC Open
                CJC Open
                Elsevier
                2589-790X
                24 February 2020
                May 2020
                24 February 2020
                : 2
                : 3
                : 118-128
                Affiliations
                [a ]Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [b ]Division of Cardiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [c ]Division of Cardiology, St-Michael Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [d ]Division of Cardiology, Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
                [e ]Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
                [f ]Division of Cardiology, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [g ]Division of Internal Medicine, McGill Health University Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                [h ]Division of Cardiology, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
                [i ]Division of Cardiology, McGill Health University Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author: Dr Thao Huynh, McGill Health University Center, 1605 Cedar Ave, Room E-5200, Montreal, Quebec H3G-1A4, Canada. Tel.: +1-514-934-8075; fax: +1-514-934-8569. thao.huynhthanh@ 123456mcgill.ca
                Article
                S2589-790X(20)30019-6
                10.1016/j.cjco.2020.02.005
                7242509
                32462125
                bd307d72-41c4-4e53-884d-94c077f67044
                © 2020 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 21 October 2019
                : 19 February 2020
                Categories
                Original Article

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