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      Evaluation of the repeatability and reliability of the cross-training specific Fight Gone Bad workout and its relation to aerobic fitness

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          Abstract

          Cross-training is a high-intensity functional training (HIFT) with multiple workout modalities. Despite the increasing number of studies in HIFT, there is still no validated test to measure its specific performance. It would also be advisable to determine whether selected cross-training workouts can implement a stimulus corresponding to maximize aerobic work. For these reasons, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the repeatability and reliability of Fight Gone Bad (FGB) workout and to assess its relationship with aerobic fitness. Twenty-one cross-training participants (9 females) finished the study protocol which included three two-day measurement sessions separated by 10 days. During each session, participants had their body composition measured, and they performed two exercise tests. The first test was an incremental cycling test to measure aerobic fitness, and the second was a cross-training specific FGB workout performed the next day. Reliability and repeatability were calculated from the three measurements. The total FGB Score (FGB TOTAL) showed excellent reliability (ICC 0.9, SEM 6%). Moreover, FGB TOTAL was strongly correlated with aerobic fitness (i.e., time to exhaustion (T exh, R 2 = 0.72), maximal workload (W max, R 2 = 0.69), time to gas exchange threshold (T GET, R 2 = 0.68), and peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak, R 2 = 0.59). We also found that agreement between standardized FGB and standardized aerobic performance indices such as T exh, VO 2peak, W max, maximum heart rate, T GET, and workload at gas exchange threshold was high by the Bland–Altman method. In conclusion, FGB is a reliable test that can be used in order to measure changes in cross-training performance caused by an intervention. Moreover, FGB is strongly correlated to aerobic fitness.

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          Understanding Bland Altman analysis

          In a contemporary clinical laboratory it is very common to have to assess the agreement between two quantitative methods of measurement. The correct statistical approach to assess this degree of agreement is not obvious. Correlation and regression studies are frequently proposed. However, correlation studies the relationship between one variable and another, not the differences, and it is not recommended as a method for assessing the comparability between methods.
In 1983 Altman and Bland (B&A) proposed an alternative analysis, based on the quantification of the agreement between two quantitative measurements by studying the mean difference and constructing limits of agreement.
The B&A plot analysis is a simple way to evaluate a bias between the mean differences, and to estimate an agreement interval, within which 95% of the differences of the second method, compared to the first one, fall. Data can be analyzed both as unit differences plot and as percentage differences plot.
The B&A plot method only defines the intervals of agreements, it does not say whether those limits are acceptable or not. Acceptable limits must be defined a priori, based on clinical necessity, biological considerations or other goals.
The aim of this article is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of Bland Altman analysis in method comparison studies.
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            Bioelectrical impedance analysis--part I: review of principles and methods.

            U KYLE (2004)
            The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widespread both in healthy subjects and patients, but suffers from a lack of standardized method and quality control procedures. BIA allows the determination of the fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water (TBW) in subjects without significant fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, when using appropriate population, age or pathology-specific BIA equations and established procedures. Published BIA equations validated against a reference method in a sufficiently large number of subjects are presented and ranked according to the standard error of the estimate. The determination of changes in body cell mass (BCM), extra cellular (ECW) and intra cellular water (ICW) requires further research using a valid model that guarantees that ECW changes do not corrupt the ICW. The use of segmental-BIA, multifrequency BIA, or bioelectrical spectroscopy in altered hydration states also requires further research. ESPEN guidelines for the clinical use of BIA measurements are described in a paper to appear soon in Clinical Nutrition.
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              A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange.

              Excess CO2 is generated when lactate is increased during exercise because its [H+] is buffered primarily by HCO-3 (22 ml for each meq of lactic acid). We developed a method to detect the anaerobic threshold (AT), using computerized regression analysis of the slopes of the CO2 uptake (VCO2) vs. O2 uptake (VO2) plot, which detects the beginning of the excess CO2 output generated from the buffering of [H+], termed the V-slope method. From incremental exercise tests on 10 subjects, the point of excess CO2 output (AT) predicted closely the lactate and HCO-3 thresholds. The mean gas exchange AT was found to correspond to a small increment of lactate above the mathematically defined lactate threshold [0.50 +/- 0.34 (SD) meq/l] and not to differ significantly from the estimated HCO-3 threshold. The mean VO2 at AT computed by the V-slope analysis did not differ significantly from the mean value determined by a panel of six experienced reviewers using traditional visual methods, but the AT could be more reliably determined by the V-slope method. The respiratory compensation point, detected separately by examining the minute ventilation vs. VCO2 plot, was consistently higher than the AT (2.51 +/- 0.42 vs. 1.83 +/- 0.30 l/min of VO2). This method for determining the AT has significant advantages over others that depend on regular breathing pattern and respiratory chemosensitivity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                durkalec-michalski@awf.poznan.pl
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                31 March 2021
                31 March 2021
                2021
                : 11
                : 7263
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
                [2 ]GRID grid.410688.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2157 4669, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, , Poznan University of Life Sciences, ; 60-624 Poznan, Poland
                [3 ]GRID grid.410688.3, ISNI 0000 0001 2157 4669, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, , Poznan University of Life Sciences, ; 60-637 Poznan, Poland
                [4 ]Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-2981
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-1805
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3137-3478
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0745-4606
                Article
                86660
                10.1038/s41598-021-86660-x
                8012697
                33790372
                bca07c18-0de4-4630-b0df-75a9b6cc7ede
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 20 November 2020
                : 18 March 2021
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                © The Author(s) 2021

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                physiology,biomarkers
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                physiology, biomarkers

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