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      O erro médico e a violação às normas e prescrições em saúde: uma discussão teórica na área de segurança do paciente Translated title: Medical errors and violation of rules and standards in health: a theoretical discussion in the area of patient safety

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          Abstract

          Em 1999, o relatório do Instituto de Medicina (IOM), ao apontar que há significativa ocorrência de eventos adversos e que mais da metade dessas ocorrências eram ocasionadas por erro médico, suscitou inúmeras ações e pesquisas na área de Segurança do Paciente. As infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS), um dos problemas enfrentados na área, é alvo de pesquisas que intentam criar procedimentos e estratégias no sentido de prevenir tais eventos. A higienização de mãos, por ser a medida mais simples no controle das IRAS e, paradoxalmente, a que possui mais baixo índice de adesão entre os médicos, é alvo de inúmeros programas e campanhas. A necessidade de reversão do quadro apontado tem gerado extensa literatura que, entre outros, identifica barreiras e fatores de risco para a baixa adesão a normas e procedimentos de higienização de mãos, como também busca compreender os aspectos comportamentais envolvidos. Este artigo apresenta alguns modelos teóricos explicativos voltados para a compreensão da dinâmica comportamental que envolve a consecução do erro e da violação e realiza uma análise com possibilidades à depreensão do processo. Por fim, considera-se que os modelos explicativos apresentados, conjuntamente, trazem contribuições passíveis de aplicação na prática e que a identificação e compreensão dos mecanismos de defesa coletivos levariam aos fatores que se encontram em jogo na baixa adesão aos procedimentos de higienização de mãos por parte dos médicos, a despeito das evidências existentes.

          Translated abstract

          In 1999, the report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), pointed that there are significant adverse events and that more than half of these occurrences were caused by medical errors, provoking numerous actions and research on Patient Safety. Infections related to health care (IRAS), one of the problems faced in the area, are the subject of research that attempt to create procedures and strategies to prevent such events. Hand hygiene, because it is the simplest measure of control in IRAs and, paradoxically, the one with the lowest compliance rate among physicians, is the target of numerous programs and campaigns. The need to reverse this state has generated extensive literature that, among other things, indicates and identifies barriers and risk factors for poor adherence to standards and procedures for hands hygiene, but also seeks to understand the behavioral aspects concerned. This paper presents some theoretical models aimed at understanding the behavioral dynamics which involves the achievement of error and violation and carries out an analysis with the possibilities of apprehension of the process. Finally, it is considered that the explanatory models jointly presented bring contributions that can be applied in practice and that identifying and understanding the mechanisms of collective defense would lead to factors that are at stake in the low adherence to procedures, sanitation of hands among physicians, despite the existing evidence.

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          Most cited references14

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          To Err Is Human : Building a Safer Health System

          (2000)
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            Human error: models and management

            Reason (2000)
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              Improving adherence to hand hygiene practice: a multidisciplinary approach.

              D Pittet (2001)
              Hand hygiene prevents cross-infection in hospitals, but health-care workers' adherence to guidelines is poor. Easy, timely access to both hand hygiene and skin protection is necessary for satisfactory hand hygiene behavior. Alcohol- based hand rubs may be better than traditional handwashing as they require less time, act faster, are less irritating, and contribute to sustained improvement in compliance associated with decreased infection rates. This article reviews barriers to appropriate hand hygiene and risk factors for noncompliance and proposes strategies for promoting hand hygiene.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                physis
                Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva
                Physis
                IMS-UERJ
                1809-4481
                2010
                : 20
                : 2
                : 625-651
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca (ENSP - FIOCRUZ)
                [2 ] Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica (ICICT - FIOCRUZ)
                Article
                S0103-73312010000200016
                bbe2cf9a-f87f-4bb8-b23a-7fafe90811c7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0103-7331&lng=en

                segurança do paciente,erro médico,violação,patient safety,medical error,violation

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