Gas-phase ion migration spectrum analysis of the volatile flavors of large yellow croaker oil after different storage periods

Abstract

The large yellow croaker, a species of fish found in the northwestern Pacific, is favored by consumers because of its prevalence in saltwater bodies, golden yellow abdomen, high calcium content, high protein, high fat content, and a flavor that originates from its lipids and volatile components. Volatile organic compounds significantly affect the aroma of food. In this work, electronic nose and headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry were applied to analyze the flavor differences in fish oil durations. Through electronic nose system analysis, sensors W1C, W3S, W6S, and W2S directly affected fish oil flavor, and their flavor components were different. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry identified 26 volatile components (19 aldehydes, 3 ketones, 2 alcohols, 1 furan, and 1 olefin). ( E,E)-2,4-hexadienal (D), ( E,E)-2,4-hexadienal (M), 2,4-heptadienal (M), ( E)-2-octenal, 2-propanone, 2-heptanone (M), 3-pentanone (D), and 1-octen-3-ol were the key flavor components of the fish oil. In conclusion, the combination of GC-IMS and PCA can identify the differences in flavor changes of large yellow croaker oil during 0–120 days storage. After 60 days storage, the types and signals of 2-propanone, 2-heptanone (M) components increase significantly. When 120 days storage, at this time, ( E,E)-2,4-hexadienal (D), ( E,E)-2,4-hexadienal (M), 2,4-heptadienal (M), ( E)-2-octenal,( E)-2-octenal significantly. It has become the main flavor substance of fish oil. In summary, as the storage period increases, the components increase, and the oxidizing substances will increase, resulting in the deterioration of fish oil.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

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  The oxidation state of Large yellow croaker oil in different storage periods was investigated.

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  The volatile compounds of Large yellow croaker oil were studied by GC-IMS.

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  The effects of storage period on the composition of large yellow croaker oil samples were tested.

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  We believe GC-IMS will play a crucial role in controlling the flavor of fish oil.