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      Head and neck cancer associated with increased rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in a population-based cohort study

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          Abstract

          The objective of this study was to examine the incidence and hazard ratio (HR) of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with head and neck cancer in Taiwan.

          This population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the database of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program. There were 2522 subjects aged 20 to 84 years with newly diagnosed head and neck cancer as the head and neck cancer group between 2000 and 2012, and 10,064 randomly selected sex- and age-matched subjects without any cancer as the noncancer group. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the end of 2013 was estimated in both groups. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) for pulmonary tuberculosis being associated with head and neck cancer.

          The overall incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 2.86-fold greater in the head and neck cancer group than that in the noncancer group (4.70 vs 1.64 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI, 2.53–3.24). After adjusting for confounding factors, the adjusted HR of pulmonary tuberculosis became 2.90 for the head and neck cancer group (95% CI, 2.11–3.99), compared with the noncancer group. In addition, male (adjusted HR 2.27, 95% CI, 1.29–4.00) and age (increase for 1 year, adjusted HR 1.06, 95% CI, 1.05–1.08) were associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.

          Head and neck cancer is significantly associated with 2.90-fold increased hazard of pulmonary tuberculosis in Taiwan, compared with the general population.

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          Prevalence, risk factors and clinical implications of malnutrition in French Comprehensive Cancer Centres

          M Pressoir, S Desné, D Berchery … (2010)
          Background: This epidemiological observational study aimed at determining the prevalence of malnutrition in non-selected adults with cancer, to identify risk factors of malnutrition and correlate the results with length of stay and 2-month mortality. Methods: This prospective multicentre 1-day study conducted in 17 French Comprehensive Cancer Centres included 1545 patients. Body mass index (BMI), weight loss (WL) in the past 6 months and age were routinely recorded according to the French national recommendations for hospitalised patients; malnutrition was rated as absent, moderate or severe according to the level of WL and BMI. Age, sex, tumour site, type of hospitalisation and treatment, disease stage, World Health Organisation performance status (PS) and antibiotic therapy were the potential malnutrition risk factors tested. Follow-up at 2 months allowed to determine the correlation with length of stay and mortality. Results: Malnutrition was reported in 30.9% of patients, and was rated as severe in 12.2%. In multivariate analysis, only pre-existing obesity (BMI⩾30), PS ⩾2 and head-and-neck or upper digestive cancers were associated with increased risk of malnutrition. Antibiotics use was significantly higher in malnourished patients (35.5 vs 22.8% P<0.001). Severe malnutrition was independently associated with mortality. The median length of stay was 19.3±19.4 days for malnourished patients vs 13.3±19.4 days for others (P<0.0001). Conclusion: In French Comprehensive Cancer Centres, one out of three cancer patients are malnourished and this was associated with a longer length of stay. Pre-existing obesity could be identified as a new risk factor for malnutrition in our cancer patient population perhaps because of a misidentification or a delay in nutrition support in this category of patients.
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            Betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption related to oral cancer in Taiwan.

            Y. Huang, Kuan-Bei Chen, Alexander Tsai … (1995)
            A hospital-based case-control study of matched pairs was conducted to explore (a) the relationship between the use of betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and oral cancer and (b) synergism between these factors. The case group consisted of 104 male and 3 female oral cancer patients and these were compared with 194 male and 6 female matched controls. We found by univariate analysis that alcohol consumption, smoking, betel quid chewing, educational level and occupation were associated with oral cancer. The adjusted odds ratios were to be found elevated in patients who were smoking and betel quid chewing. After adjusting for education and occupation covariates, the incidence of oral cancer was computed to be 123-fold higher in patients who smoked, drank alcohol and chewed betel quid than in abstainers. The synergistic effects of alcohol, tobacco smoke and betel quid in oral cancer were clearly demonstrated, but there was a statistically significant association between oral cancer and betel quid chewing alone. Swallowing betel quid juice (saliva extract of betel quid produced by chewing) or including unripened betel fruit in the quid both seemed to enhance the risks of contracting oral cancer.
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              Polypharmacy correlates with increased risk for hip fracture in the elderly: a population-based study.

              Chang Liao, Fung-Chang Sung, Kuan-Fu Liao … (2010)
              Few studies have addressed the association between polypharmacy and hip fracture using population data. We conducted a population-based case-control study to investigate whether polypharmacy increases the risk for hip fracture in the elderly. We used insurance claims data from the Taiwan Bureau of National Health Insurance, a universal insurance program with a coverage rate of more than 98% of the population in Taiwan. We identified 2328 elderly patients with newly diagnosed hip fracture during the period 2005-2007. We randomly selected 9312 individuals without hip fracture to serve as the control group. Patient characteristics, drugs prescribed by physicians, and all types of hip fracture were ascertained. The odds ratio (OR) of hip fracture in association with the number of medications used per day in previous years was assessed.We found that patients were older than controls, predominantly female, and more likely to use 5 or more drugs (22.2% vs. 9.3%, p or = 85 years who used 10 or more drugs than for those aged 65-74 years who used 0-1 drug after controlling for covariates (OR, 23.0; 95% CI, 3.77-140).We conclude that the risk of hip fracture in older people increases with the number of medications used, especially in women. Age interacts with the daily medications for the risk of hip fracture.
              Article 0 comments Cited 98 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Medicine (Baltimore)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Medicine (Baltimore)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MEDI
                Title: Medicine
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health
                ISSN (Print): 0025-7974
                ISSN (Electronic): 1536-5964
                Publication date Collection: October 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 October 2017
                Volume: 96
                Issue: 43
                Electronic Location Identifier: e8366
                Affiliations
                [a ]College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
                [b ]Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
                [c ]Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung
                [d ]College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
                [e ]Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Correspondence: Kuan-Fu Liao, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi General Hospital, No. 66, Sec. 1, Fongsing Road, Tanzi District, Taichung City 427, Taiwan (e-mail: kuanfuliaog@ 123456gmail.com ).
                Article
                Publisher ID: MD-D-17-04389 Accession ID: 08366
                DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000008366
                PMC ID: 5671858
                PubMed ID: 29069025
                SO-VID: bbd695d6-72ea-41c7-87cf-26ad5a9d66bb
                Copyright © Copyright © 2017 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

                History
                Date received : 14 July 2017
                Date revision received : 26 September 2017
                Date accepted : 27 September 2017
                Categories
                Subject: 4400
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Observational Study
                Custom metadata
                OPEN-ACCESS TRUE

                Keywords: head and neck cancer,incidence,pulmonary tuberculosis,taiwan national health insurance program
                Data availability:
                Keywords: head and neck cancer, incidence, pulmonary tuberculosis, taiwan national health insurance program

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