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      Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of B. fragilis group organisms isolated from clinical specimen and human intestinal microbiota Translated title: Epidemiologia e resistência a antimicrobianos de microorganismos do grupo B. fragilis isolados de espécime clínico e microbiota intestinal humana

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          Abstract

          Epidemiological aspects and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from clinical and human intestinal specimens were examined in this study. B. fragilis group strains were isolated from 46 (37%) of 124 clinical specimens and the source of the samples was: Blood culture (3), intraabdominal infection (27), brain abscess (2), soft tissue infection (17), respiratory sinus (3), pleural aspirate (9), breast abscess (3), surgical infected wound (22), pelvic inflammatory disease (22), chronic otitis media (9) and miscellaneous (7). Intraabdominal and soft tissue infections were responsible for more than half of the clinical isolates. Susceptibility to penicillin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, metronidazole, chloramphenicol and clindamycin was examined. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and chloramphenicol. For clindamycin and cefoxitin the resistance rates observed were 21.7% and 10.9% respectively. Susceptibility profiles varied among the different species tested. A total of 37 species of B. fragilis group isolated from intestinal microbiota of individuals who had no antimicrobial therapy for at least 1 month before the sampling was also examined. All strains were also susceptible to chloramphenicol and motronidazole and the resistance rates to clindamycin and cefoxitin were 19.4% and 5.4% respectively. A few institutions, in Brazil, have monitored the antimicrobial susceptibility of B. fragilis group strains isolated from anaerobic infections. The resistance rates to cefoxitin and clindamycin and the variation in susceptibility patterns among the species isolated in this study emphasize the need for monitoring of susceptibility patterns of B. fragilis group organisms isolated, especially at our University Hospitals.

          Translated abstract

          Alguns aspectos epidemiológicos e o perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de amostras do grupo B. fragilis isoladas de espécime clínico e microbiota intestinal humana foram delineados neste estudo. As espécies do grupo B. fragilis foram isoladas de 46 (37%) de 124 espécimes clínicos, como segue: hemocultura (3) infecção intra-abdominal (27), abscesso cerebral (2), infecção de tecido mole (17), seios da face (3), aspirado pleural (9), abscesso pulmonar (3), ferida cirúrgica (22), doença inflamatória pélvica (22), otite média crônica (9) e diversos (7). Mais da metade destes microorganismos foram isolados de infecção intra-abdominal e infecção de tecido mole. Os antimicrobianos testados foram Penicilina G, Cefoxitina, Cloranfenicol, Metronidazol, Tetraciclina e Clindamicina. Todas as amostras estudadas apresentaram-se sensíveis ao Cloranfenicol e ao Metronidazol. Resistência à clindamicina e cefoxitina foi observada em 21.7 e 10.9% dos microrganismos para cada droga respectivamente. Variação na sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos entre as espécies do grupo foi detectada. O perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos de amostras do grupo B. fragilis isoladas da microbiota intestinal de 37 indivíduos que não faziam uso de antimicrobianos nos últimos 30 dias antes do exame foi também estudado. Todas as amostras apresentaram-se sensíveis ao cloranfenicol e metronidazol sendo de 19.4% e 5.4% os percentuais de resistência à clindamicina e cefoxitina respectivamente. Poucas Instituições no Brasil, realizam periodicamente teste de sensibilidade a antrimicrobianos para amostras do grupo B. fragilis isoladas de espécimes clínicos. A variação no perfil de sensibilidade entre as espécies do grupo e o alto percentual de resistência à clindamicina e cefoxitina encontrados neste trabalho, reforçam a necessidade do isolamento, caracterização e monitoração do perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos destes microrganismos, pelo menos nos Hospitais Universitários do país.

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          Most cited references27

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          Inactivation of antibiotics and the dissemination of resistance genes.

          J. Davies (1994)
          The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a phenomenon of concern to the clinician and the pharmaceutical industry, as it is the major cause of failure in the treatment of infectious diseases. The most common mechanism of resistance in pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics of the aminoglycoside, beta-lactam (penicillins and cephalosporins), and chloramphenicol types involves the enzymic inactivation of the antibiotic by hydrolysis or by formation of inactive derivatives. Such resistance determinants most probably were acquired by pathogenic bacteria from a pool of resistance genes in other microbial genera, including antibiotic-producing organisms. The resistance gene sequences were subsequently integrated by site-specific recombination into several classes of naturally occurring gene expression cassettes (typically "integrons") and disseminated within the microbial population by a variety of gene transfer mechanisms. Although bacterial conjugation once was believed to be restricted in host range, it now appears that this mechanism of transfer permits genetic exchange between many different bacterial genera in nature.
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            Imipenem resistance in Bacteroides distasonis mediated by a novel beta-lactamase.

            Imipenem is a highly active drug against the Bacteroides fragilis group of organisms. On the basis of a nationwide survey of over 500 isolates, it was found that the frequency of imipenem resistance was less than 0.1%. We have a highly resistant Bacteroides distasonis isolate, TAL7860, for which the following MICs (micrograms per milliliter) were determined by agar dilution: cefoxitin, greater than 128; moxalactam, greater than 128; piperacillin, greater than 128; imipenem, 16; and SCH34343, 16. Resistance was shown to involve both a beta-lactamase and an outer membrane permeability barrier. beta-Lactamase kinetics studies with several beta-lactams, including imipenem, revealed similar hydrolytic efficiency in comparison with those found for the B. fragilis strains. An imipenem outer membrane permeability barrier was detected for TAL7860, which was approximately sixfold more effective for B. fragilis TAL3636 and TAL2480. Significant inhibition of nitrocefin destruction was also shown with sulbactam and clavulanic acid at 10 mumol and dithiothreitol at 10 mM. No inhibition was seen with 10 mM EDTA. Differences in physicochemical properties and inhibition studies suggest that this beta-lactamase is different from the imipenem-inactivating metallo-beta-lactamase previously described in B. fragilis. We demonstrated a significant permeability barrier to clavulanic acid and sulbactam, which resulted in loss of synergism between these clinically employed beta-lactamase inhibitors and beta-lactam drugs. The novel beta-lactamase activity in conjunction with a limited permeability in TAL7860 resulted in resistance to all commonly employed beta-lactams, including the newest and most potent beta-lactam drugs.
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              Sur quelques microbes strictement anaerobies et leur role en pathologie

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rimtsp
                Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
                Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo
                Instituto de Medicina Tropical (São Paulo )
                1678-9946
                October 1996
                : 38
                : 5
                : 329-336
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Ceará Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Ceará Brazil
                [3 ] UFRJ
                Article
                S0036-46651996000500003
                10.1590/S0036-46651996000500003
                bbabcdb6-6bd0-45ce-b709-193cfeee0746

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0036-4665&lng=en
                Categories
                TROPICAL MEDICINE

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Bacteroides fragilis group,Antimicrobial resistance,Anaerobic bacteria

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