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      Changes in the physico-chemical properties of four lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) varieties during storage Translated title: Cambios en las propiedades fisicoquímicas de cuatro variedades de lechuga ( Lactuca sativa L.) durante el almacenamiento Translated title: Mudanças nas propriedades físico-químicas de quatro variedades de alface ( Lactuca sativa L.) durante o armazenamento

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          Abstract

          Abstract Lettuce, a popularly consumed leafy vegetable, is well known for its health and nutritional value. Thus, the current study focused on the qualitative changes of four lettuce varieties, namely Alpha, Parris Island, Graziella and Lollo Rossa, stored AT 5.5 °C and 90 % rh for 12 days. The analyzed parameters were water content, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA), vitamin C, total phenols, polyphenoloxidase (PPO), color and texture. Under storage conditions, the studied varieties exhibited different rates of water loss. TSS was found to increase until day 8 of storage, which is also when TA differences were observed. The Graziella variety showed the highest vitamin C levels. Total phenol content decreased significantly during the 12 days of storage. No significant PPO activity changes were found, except for those of the Lollo Rossa variety. Biplot analysis allowed observing not only positive and negative correlations between coordinates L*, a* and b*, but also the separation of the green lettuce varieties from the red one, together with color variations depending on leaf position. Although textural changes were recorded AT the end of the study, foliage quality was not altered. In short, the studied parameters, which contribute to lettu ce direct consumption properties, can be said to be variety-dependent and better preserved under refrigeration.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen La lechuga es una hortaliza de amplio consumo popular, por sus beneficios para la salud y la nutrición. Se estudiaron los cambios en calidad de cuatro varie dades (Alpha, Parris Island, Graziella y Lollo Rossa) almacenadas durante 12 días a 5,5 °C y 90 % hr. Se determinaron contenido de agua, sólidos solubles totales (SST), acidez titulable (AT), vitamina C, fenoles totales, polifenol oxidasa (PFO), color y textura. Las variedades de lechuga tuvieron tasas diferentes de pérdida de agua y modificaciones en los SST y la AT. La variedad Graziella tuvo el más alto nivel de vitamina C. El contenido de fenoles totales se redujo significativamente en el día 12 de almacenamiento. No se observaron alteraciones en la actividad de la PFO excepto en Lollo Rossa. El análisis Biplot mostró correlaciones positivas y negativas de las coordenadas L*, a* y b*, con lo cual se observó una clara definición de dos grupos de lechuga: verde y roja. Se hizo evidente la modificación en la tonalidad del color de acuerdo con la posición de las hojas. Se registraron cambios en la textura al final del almacenamiento, que no alteraron la calidad del follaje. Si bien los parámetros evaluados varían según la variedad, la refrigeración contribuye a mantener las propiedades del vegetal para el consumo directo.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo A alface é uma hortaliça de amplo consumo popular por seus benefícios para a saúde e para a nutrição. Foram estudadas as mudanças em qualidade de quatro variedades (Alpha, Parris Island, Graziella e Lollo Rossa) armazenadas durante 12 dias a 5,5 °C e 90 % HR. Foram determinados conteúdo de água, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez titulável (AT), vitamina C, fenólicos totais, polifenoloxidase (PPO), cor e textura. As variedades de alface tiveram taxas diferentes de perda de água e modificações nos SST e na AT. A variedade Graziella teve o mais alto nível de vitamina C. O conteúdo de fenólicos totais se reduziu significativamente no 12° dia de armazenamento. Não foram observadas alterações na atividade da PFO exceto em Lollo Rossa. A análise Biplot mostrou correlações positivas e negativas das coordenadas L*, a* e b*, com isso foi observada uma clara definição de dois grupos de alface: verde e vermelha. Fez-se evidente a modificação na tonalidade da cor de acordo com a posição das folhas. Foram registradas mudanças na textura ao final do armazenamento que não alteraram a qualidade da folhagem. Embora os parâmetros avaliados variam segundo a variedade, a refrigeração contribui para manter as propriedades do vegetal para o consumo direto.

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          Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops

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            Characterisation of polyphenols and antioxidant properties of five lettuce varieties and escarole.

            Salad vegetables could be relevant as dietary sources of natural antioxidants. A better knowledge of their composition can be useful for understanding their potential bioavailability and biological activities. The antioxidant compounds, polyphenols and vitamin C, have been determined in five varieties of lettuce (iceberg, romaine, continental, red oak leaf, lollo rosso) and one variety of escarole (frissé). The polyphenol study by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS ESI allowed the identification of two compounds previously not reported in lettuce; quercetin and luteolin rhamnosyl-hexosides. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed between the polyphenol profiles. Caffeic acid derivatives were the main phenolics in green varieties, while flavonols were detected in higher quantities in red varieties and escarole, and anthocyanins were only present in red-leafed varieties. The highest total phenolic content was observed in red-leafed varieties while the highest level of vitamin C was detected in the continental variety. The red varieties showed the highest antioxidant activity by all the methods assayed.
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              Health effect of vegetable-based diet: lettuce consumption improves cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status in the rat.

              It is often assumed that fruits and vegetables contribute to protect against degenerative pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases. Besides epidemiological observations, scientific evidences for their mechanism of action are scarce. In the present study, we investigated the mean term and post-prandial effects of lettuce ingestion on lipid metabolism and antioxidant protection in the rat. Feeding rats a 20% lettuce diet for 3 weeks resulted in a decrease cholesterol LDL/HDL ratio and a marked decrease of liver cholesterol levels (-41%). Concurrently, fecal total steroid excretion increased (+44%) and apparent absorption of dietary cholesterol was significantly depressed (-37%) by the lettuce diet. Lettuce diet also displayed an improvement of vitamin E/TG ratio in plasma and limited lipid peroxidation in heart as evidenced by TBARS. In post-prandial experiment, lettuce intake significantly increased both ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol plasma levels which contribute to improve plasma antioxidant capacity within 2 h of consumption. Other lipid-soluble antioxidants (lutein and vitamin E) may also improve the plasma antioxidant capacity. Lettuce consumption increases the total cholesterol end-products excretion and improves antioxidant status due to the richness in antioxidants (vitamins C, E and carotenoids). In our model, lettuce clearly shows a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism and on tissue oxidation. Therefore regular consumption of lettuce should contribute to improve protection against cardiovascular diseases. Copyright 2003 Elsevier Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ccta
                Corpoica Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria
                Corpoica cienc. tecnol. agropecu.
                Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica (Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0122-8706
                August 2017
                : 18
                : 2
                : 257-273
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameCorpoica orgdiv1CI La Selva Colombia mvargasa@ 123456corpoica.org.co
                [6] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia
                [4] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia gcorrea@ 123456unal.edu.co
                [2] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Colombia jrcartag@ 123456unal.edu.co
                [3] orgnameCorpoica orgdiv1CI La Selva Colombia gfranco@ 123456corpoica.org.co
                [5] orgnameCorpoica orgdiv1CI La Selva Colombia lquintero@ 123456corpoica.org.co
                Article
                S0122-87062017000200257
                10.21930/rcta.vol18_num2_art:632
                bb34b7d9-689c-4d53-8e09-115cee79fa0c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 April 2016
                : 04 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 67, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                bioquímica,Lactuca sativa,hortalizas de hoja,nutrición de las plantas,tecnología postcosecha,hortaliça de folha,nutrição vegetal,tecnologia pós-colheita,Biochemistry,Leaf vegetables,Plant nutrition,Post-harvest

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