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      Efecto in vitro de fosfito de potasio sobre Athelia rolfsii y Pythium aphanidermatum Translated title: In vitro effect of potassium phosphite on Athelia rolfsii and Pythium aphanidermatum

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          Abstract

          Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto in vitro del fosfito de potasio sobre el crecimiento radial del micelio, la producción de biomasa y la producción de esclerocios de Athelia rolfsii y de oosporas de Pythium aphanidermatum. Dosis de 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 y 0.3 mL L-1 de fosfito de potasio y un testigo absoluto (sin el fosfito de potasio) fueron evaluados utilizando medio de cultivo PDA y agua destilada. El crecimiento radial de micelio disminuyó debido al fosfito de potasio, por lo que al final de la evaluación y comparándolo con el control, el crecimiento radial de P. aphanidermatum disminuyó de 16.9 a 53.2% y de 15 a 21.3% para A. rolfsii. A las 96 h después de la siembra la producción de biomasa por P. aphanidermatum y A. rolfsii, disminuyó de 16.9 a 53.2% y 58.3 a 63.4%, respectivamente. Después de 72 h de la siembra, no se observó la formación de oosporas de P. aphanidermatum sobre agua destilada con fosfito de potasio, lo que sí ocurrió en el control después de 24 h. A los 22 días después de la siembra, A. rolfsii produjo un promedio de 30.2 esclerocios, mientras que en PDA con fosfito de potasio no formó esclerocios. Esto indica que el fosfito de potasio es una sustancia eficaz para reducir el crecimiento del micelio, la producción de biomasa, e inhibe la formación de oosporas de P. aphanidermatum y de esclerocios de A. rolfsii.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of potassium phosphite on the radial growth of the mycelium, the production of biomass and the production of sclerotia of Athelia rolfsii and oospores of Pythium aphanidermatum. Doses of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mL L-1 of potassium phosphite and an absolute control (without potassium phosphite) were evaluated using PDA culture medium and distilled water. The radial growth of mycelium decreased due to potassium phosphite, so at the end of the evaluation and comparing it with the control, the radial growth of P. aphanidermatum decreased from 16.9 to 53.2% and from 15 to 21.3% for A. rolfsii. At 96 h after sowing, biomass production by P. aphanidermatum and A. rolfsii decreased from 16.9 to 53.2% and 58.3 to 63.4%, respectively. After 72 h of sowing, the formation of oospores of P. aphanidermatum on distilled water with potassium phosphite was not observed, which did occur in the control after 24 h. At 22 days after sowing, A. rolfsii produced an average of 30.2 sclerotia, whereas in PDA with potassium phosphite it did not form sclerotia. This indicates that potassium phosphite is an effective substance to reduce mycelial growth, the production of biomass, and inhibits the formation of oospores of P. aphanidermatum and of sclerotia of A. rolfsii.

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          Fungal disease suppression by inorganic salts: A review

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            Proteomics analysis suggests broad functional changes in potato leaves triggered by phosphites and a complex indirect mode of action against Phytophthora infestans.

            Phosphite (salts of phosphorous acid; Phi)-based fungicides are increasingly used in controlling oomycete pathogens, such as the late blight agent Phytophthora infestans. In plants, low amounts of Phi induce pathogen resistance through an indirect mode of action. We used iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics to investigate the effects of phosphite on potato plants before and after infection with P. infestans. Ninety-three (62 up-regulated and 31 down-regulated) differentially regulated proteins, from a total of 1172 reproducibly identified proteins, were identified in the leaf proteome of Phi-treated potato plants. Four days post-inoculation with P. infestans, 16 of the 31 down-regulated proteins remained down-regulated and 42 of the 62 up-regulated proteins remained up-regulated, including 90% of the defense proteins. This group includes pathogenesis-related, stress-responsive, and detoxification-related proteins. Callose deposition and ultrastructural analyses of leaf tissues after infection were used to complement the proteomics approach. This study represents the first comprehensive proteomics analysis of the indirect mode of action of Phi, demonstrating broad effects on plant defense and plant metabolism. The proteomics data and the microscopy study suggest that Phi triggers a hypersensitive response that is responsible for induced resistance of potato leaves against P. infestans.
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              Phosphite Protects Fagus sylvatica Seedlings towards Phytophthora plurivora via Local Toxicity, Priming and Facilitation of Pathogen Recognition

              Phytophthora plurivora causes severe damage on Fagus sylvatica and is responsible for the extensive decline of European Beech throughout Europe. Unfortunately, no effective treatment against this disease is available. Phosphite (Phi) is known to protect plants against Phytophthora species; however, its mode of action towards P. plurivora is still unknown. To discover the effect of Phi on root infection, leaves were sprayed with Phi and roots were subsequently inoculated with P. plurivora zoospores. Seedling physiology, defense responses, colonization of root tissue by the pathogen and mortality were monitored. Additionally the Phi concentration in roots was quantified. Finally, the effect of Phi on mycelial growth and zoospore formation was recorded. Phi treatment was remarkably efficient in protecting beech against P. plurivora; all Phi treated plants survived infection. Phi treated and infected seedlings showed a strong up-regulation of several defense genes in jasmonate, salicylic acid and ethylene pathways. Moreover, all physiological parameters measured were comparable to control plants. The local Phi concentration detected in roots was high enough to inhibit pathogen growth. Phi treatment alone did not harm seedling physiology or induce defense responses. The up-regulation of defense genes could be explained either by priming or by facilitation of pathogen recognition of the host.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                remexca
                Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas
                Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico )
                2007-0934
                November 2018
                : 9
                : 7
                : 1532-1538
                Affiliations
                [1] Culiacán orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Sinaloa orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía Mexico moisesyj@ 123456uas.edu.mx
                Article
                S2007-09342018000701532 S2007-0934(18)00900701532
                10.29312/remexca.v9i7.286
                bab823bc-c592-4237-a35f-1f4c59bff650

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : September 2018
                : August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Nota de investigación

                mycelial growth,producción de biomasa,formación de esclerocios,biomass production,formación de oosporas,oospore formation,sclerotia formation,crecimiento de micelio

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