A Systematic Review on the Research Progress on Polysaccharides from Fungal Traditional Chinese Medicine

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Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a class of natural drugs with multiple components and significant therapeutic effects through multiple targets. It also originates from a wide range of sources containing plants, animals and minerals, and among them, plant-based Chinese medicine also includes fungi. Fungal traditional Chinese medicine is a medicinal resource with a long history and widespread application in China. Accumulating evidence confirms that polysaccharide is the main pharmacodynamic material on which fungal TCM is based. The purpose of the current systematic review is to summarize the extraction, isolation, structural identification, biological functions, quality control and medicinal and edible applications of polysaccharides from fungal TCM in the past three years. This paper will supplement and deepen the understanding and application of polysaccharides from fungal TCM, and propose some valuable insights for further research and development of drugs and functional foods.

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Biological activities and pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharide from natural resources: A review.

Mingyue Shen, Yue Yu, Qianqian Song … (2018)

Pharmacotherapy using natural substances can be currently regarded as a very promising future alternative to conventional therapy. As biological macromolecules, polysaccharide together with protein and polynucleotide, are extremely important biomacromoleules which play important roles in the growth and development of living organism. Polysaccharide is important component of higher plants, membrane of the animal cell and the cell wall of microbes. It is also closely related to the physiological functions. Recently, increasing attention has been paid on polysaccharides as an important class of bioactive natural products. Numerous researches have demonstrated the bioactivities of natural polysaccharides, which lead to the application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease. In this paper, the various aspects of the investigation results of the bioactivities of polysaccharides were summarized, including its diversity pharmacological applications, such as immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, anti-virus, antioxidation, and hypoglycemic activity, and their application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease are also discussed. We hope this review can offer some theoretical basis and inspiration for the mechanism study of the bioactivity of polysaccharides.

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Regulation of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis

Ebru Erbay, Emma M. Corr, Graeme J Koelwyn … (2018)

Cells of the myeloid lineage undergo robust metabolic transitions after activation, as well as discrete epigenetic changes, that can dictate both ongoing and future inflammatory responses. In atherosclerosis, where macrophages play central roles in the initiation, growth and ultimately, rupture of arterial plaques, altered metabolism is a key feature that dictates macrophage function and subsequent disease progression. This review explores how factors central to the plaque’s microenvironment (e.g., altered cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress, hypoxia, apoptotic and necrotic cells, and hyperglycemia) shape the metabolic rewiring of macrophages in atherosclerosis, and how these metabolic shifts, in turn, alter macrophage immune effector and tissue reparative functions. Finally, this overview offers insight into the challenges and opportunities of harnessing metabolism to modulate aberrant macrophage responses in disease.