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      Exploring the Relationship between Despotic Leadership and Job Satisfaction: The Role of Self Efficacy and Leader–Member Exchange

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          Abstract

          This study explores the effects of despotic leadership (DL) on employee job satisfaction (JS) using self-efficacy (SE) as a mediating variable and leader–member exchange (LMX) as a moderated variable. Building on the social learning and social exchange theory, our research proposes a research model. In this model, despotic leadership affects employee job satisfaction both directly and indirectly through self-efficacy and leader–member exchange. We used a questionnaire survey analysis approach to collect data. Data were collected from the employees of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in Guangdong Province, P.R. China. A pilot test of 20 participants with similar demographics as the final sample was performed to test the usability of the questionnaire. We distributed 500 questionnaires among the target population. In total, 230 usable questionnaires were returned, resulting in a response rate of 53%. To estimate the proposed relationships in the theoretical framework, we used SPSS and AMOS. The results of this study confirmed that despotic leadership has a negative impact on employee job satisfaction. Moreover, the outcomes of this study indicate that self-efficacy has a mediating effect between despotic leadership and employee job satisfaction. Similarly, the results also confirm that LMX has a moderating effect between despotic leadership and employee self-efficacy. Therefore, we conclude that the community is understanding of the mechanism of despotic leadership, identify the mechanism to effectively deal with its negative effects, broaden the relevant research on the antecedent variable of self-efficacy, and provide practical enlightenment enterprises to retain and employ people.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                ijerph
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                MDPI
                1661-7827
                1660-4601
                17 May 2021
                May 2021
                : 18
                : 10
                : 5307
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; zx@ 123456gzhu.edu.cn (X.Z.); yangj68@ 123456chinatelecom.cn (J.Y.)
                [2 ]Postdoctoral Station of Statistical, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
                [3 ]School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Institute, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
                [4 ]Education & ICT (e-Learning), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; zaheer.asghar@ 123456helsinki.fi
                [5 ]Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: samma.shu@ 123456hotmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-0934
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3199-8059
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2634-0583
                Article
                ijerph-18-05307
                10.3390/ijerph18105307
                8155868
                34067634
                b97531f1-2d52-410e-a203-40b8574c3e37
                © 2021 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 12 March 2021
                : 03 May 2021
                Categories
                Article

                Public health
                despotic leadership,job satisfaction,self-efficacy,leader–member exchange,small- and medium-size enterprises (smes)

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