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      Fluxo de seiva e fotossíntese em laranjeira 'Natal' com clorose variegada dos citros Translated title: Sap flow and photosynthesis of 'Natal' sweet orange plants with citrus variegated chlorosis

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da clorose variegada dos citros (CVC), no fluxo de seiva, trocas gasosas e atividade fotoquímica em laranjeira 'Natal', com e sem CVC, em condição de campo. O curso diário do fluxo de seiva, potencial da água na folha, assimilação de CO2, transpiração, condutância estomática e eficiência quântica máxima e efetiva do fotossistema II foram avaliados. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. O fluxo de seiva foi 1,9 vez superior nas plantas sadias em relação às doentes. Em plantas doentes ocorreu queda de 43, 28 e 33% na assimilação de CO2, condutância estomática e transpiração, respectivamente. As plantas com CVC apresentaram fotoinibição dinâmica. Uma vez que a eficiência quântica efetiva apresentou um padrão de resposta semelhante, durante o dia, em ambos os tratamentos, o efeito protetor da fotorrespiração no aparato fotoquímico em plantas com CVC é discutido. As quedas de assimilação de CO2, transpiração e de fluxo de seiva, nas plantas com CVC, foram decorrentes do menor valor da condutância estomática, possivelmente causado pela colonização dos vasos do xilema pela Xylella fastidiosa.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) on sap flow, gas exchanges and photochemical activity in 'Natal' sweet orange plants with and without CVC under field condition. Diurnal courses of sap flow, leaf water potential, CO2 assimilation rate and transpiration, stomatal conductance, potential and effective quantum efficiency of photosystem II were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a random block design with five repetitions. Healthy plants showed sap flow values around 1.9 times higher than injured ones. Injured plants exhibited reductions of 43, 28 and 33% in CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration, respectively. CVC-affected plants showed dynamic photoinhibition. Since healthy and injured plants showed similar diurnal course of effective quantum efficiency, the possible influence of photorespiration on photochemical apparatus in CVC-affected plants is discussed. Reductions in CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration and sap flow of injured plants were induced by low stomatal conductance values, which was probably due to the xylem vessel colonization by Xylella fastidiosa.

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          The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence

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            Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: an examination of future possibilities.

            Chlorophyll fluorescence has been routinely used for many years to monitor the photosynthetic performance of plants non-invasively. The relationships between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and leaf photosynthetic performance are reviewed in the context of applications of fluorescence measurements to screening programmes which seek to identify improved plant performance. The potential role of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in increasing both the sensitivity and throughput of plant screening programmes is examined. Finally, consideration is given to possible specific applications of chlorophyll fluorescence for screening of plants for tolerance to environmental stresses and for improvements in glasshouse production and post-harvest handling of crops.
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              Determination of the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in the field.

              A newly developed portable chlorophyll fluorometer in combination with a special leaf clip holder was used for assessing photosynthetic activity of attached sun leaves of Fagus sylvatica and Cucurbita pepo under field conditions. During diurnal time courses, fluorescence yield, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) incident on the leaf plane, and leaf temperature were measured and quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PS II), apparent relative electron transport rates, and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) calculated. In both species, quantum efficiency followed closely the incident PPFD and no hysteresis could be observed during the day. Apparent electron transport rate showed light saturation above a PPFD of 700 μmol m(-2) s(-1) in F. sylvatica, while in C. pepo no saturation was visible up to 1400 μmol m(-2) s(-1). NPQ was closely correlated to excessive PPFD calculated from the PS II quantum yield. Maximal NPQ observed was 3.3 Although the beech leaf was exposed for a considerable time to PPFD values of 1400-1500 μmol m(-2) s(-1) and leaf temperatures between 30 and 35°C, no obvious signs for sustained photodamage could be observed. The data demonstrate the potential of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to analyse photosynthetic performance under field conditions with minimal disturbance of the plant. Potential error sources due to the geometry of the leaf clip holder used are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-204X
                1678-3921
                June 2006
                : 41
                : 6
                : 911-918
                Affiliations
                [02] Piracicaba SP orgnameEscola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz orgdiv1Dep. de Ciências Biológicas
                [06] Petrolina PE orgnameUniversidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco
                [03] Cordeirópolis SP orgnameGrupo de Consultores em Citros
                [05] Campinas SP orgnameEmbrapa Informática Agropecuária
                [07] Bebedouro SP orgnameEstação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro
                [04] Cruz das Almas BA orgnameEmbrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical
                [01] Campinas SP orgnameInstituto Agronômico orgdiv1Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Ecofisiologia e Biofísica
                Article
                S0100-204X2006000600003 S0100-204X(06)04100603
                b972dca7-dafe-4fea-9043-afbe6a0bf15a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 December 2005
                : 25 August 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Fisiologia Vegetal

                transpiração,Citrus sinensis,Xylella fastidiosa,CO2 assimilation,stomatal conductance,chlorophyll fluorescence,transpiration,assimilação de CO2,condutância estomática,fluorescência da clorofila

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