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      Resistência vs susceptibilidade a piretróides em Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): há vencedor? Translated title: Pyrethroid resistance vs susceptibility in Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): is there a winner?

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          Abstract

          Estudos sobre evolução da resistência a inseticidas geralmente associam o fenômeno a um custo adaptativo ao indivíduo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se a resistência a piretróides em populações de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky incorre em desfavorecimento adaptativo na ausência de inseticidas. Duas populações da praga (uma suscetível e outra resistente a piretróides) foram submetidas a competição por duas gerações consecutivas na ausência de inseticidas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi do tipo fatorial bivariado obtido da expansão de uma série aditiva com dois níveis de densidade inicial de insetos (baixa densidade = 50 indivíduos de uma das populações e série crescente de 0 a 50 indivíduos da outra população; e alta densidade = 100 indivíduos de uma das populações e série crescente de 0 a 100 indivíduos da outra população). O número total de indivíduos, a mortalidade ocasionada por exposição a deltametrina e massa corpórea média da população foram os parâmetros avaliados. Não se constatou desvantagens adaptativas na população resistente em relação à população suscetível na ausência de inseticidas, uma vez que ambas populações apresentaram incrementos populacionais semelhantes. Isto acarreta complicações práticas para o manejo da resistência nessa espécie, pois estratégias de manejo que se baseiem na interrupção de uso de inseticidas piretróides visando o retorno de aplicações desses inseticidas no futuro, podem não surtir os efeitos esperados. Isto porque, mesmo passado um longo tempo sem exposição inseticida, as populações resistentes da praga podem ainda se manter como tal.

          Translated abstract

          Studies on insecticide resistance evolution usually associate the phenomenon with an adaptative cost to the individual carrying this trait. Our objective was to verify if insecticide resistance in a population of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky incurs in fitness cost under an insecticide-free environment. Two populations of the species (a susceptible and a pyrethroid resistant population) were submitted to competition against each other for two consecutive generations in the absence of insecticide. A factorial bivariated derivated from an additive series was used in the experimental design with two initial density levels (lower, with 50 individuals of one population and a crescent series of individuals from 0 to 50 from the other population; and higher, with 100 individuals of a population and a crescent series of individuals from 0 to 100 from the other). The total number of adult insects, mortality by deltamethrin and insect body mass for each treatment were recorded. Adaptative disadvantage was not found on the resistant population compared with the susceptible population in an insecticide-free environment since both populations showed similar growth rate. This finding brings about practical complications for insecticide resistance management in this species because management strategies based on the interruption of pyrethroid use aiming their future reintroduction may not achieve the desired effects. This may take place because even after a long period without insecticide use, the resistant populations may still maintain themselves as such since there is no perceptible adaptative disadvantage associated with this trait.

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          Most cited references37

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          Resistance to xenobiotics and parasites: can we count the cost?

          The nature and cost of single genes of major effect is one of the longest running controversies in biology. Resistance, whether to xenobiotics or to parasites, is often paraded as an obvious example of a single gene effect that must carry an associated fitness 'cost'. However, a review of the xenobiotic resistance literature shows that empirical evidence for this hypothesis is, in fact, scarce. We postulate that such fitness costs can only be fully interpreted in the light of the molecular mutations that might underlie them. We also derive a theoretical framework both to encompass our current understanding of xenobiotic resistance and to begin to dissect the probable cost of parasite resistance.
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            The genetic, molecular and phenotypic consequences of selection for insecticide resistance.

            Studies of insecticide resistance allow theories of the adaptive process to be tested where the selective agent, the insecticide, is unambiguously defined. Thus, the consequences of selection of phenotypic variation can be investigated in genetic, biochemical, molecular, population biological and, most recently, developmental contexts. Are the options limited biochemically and molecularly? Is the genetic mechanism monogenic or polygenic, general or population/species specific? Are fitness and developmental patterns associated? These questions of general evolutionary significance can be considered with experimental approaches to determine how insecticide resistance evolves. Copyright © 1994. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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              Insecticide resistance and synergism in Brazilian populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ne
                Neotropical Entomology
                Neotrop. entomol.
                Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil (Londrina, PR, Brazil )
                1519-566X
                1678-8052
                December 2005
                : 34
                : 6
                : 981-990
                Affiliations
                [01] Viçosa MG orgnameUniv. Federal de Viçosa orgdiv1Depto. Biologia Animal
                Article
                S1519-566X2005000600015 S1519-566X(05)03400615
                26366b15-1721-495b-9f06-0375ca7478db

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 December 2004
                : 29 July 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Proteção de Plantas

                Adaptative cost,insecticide,série aditiva,Custo adaptativo,additive series

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