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      Variações locais na riqueza florística em duas ecorregiões de caatinga Translated title: Local changes in floristic richness in two ecorregions of the caatinga

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          Abstract

          ResumoA vegetação de caatinga do nordeste brasileiro ocorre principalmente sobre dois tipos de substrato principais: sobre solos derivados do embasamento cristalino pré-cambriano e sobre a cobertura arenosa das bacias sedimentares. Evidências recentes têm demonstrado variações na dinâmica, estrutura e composição florística da caatinga desses dois macroambientes, o que fundamenta a necessidade de estudos com enfoque nas diferenças florísticas entre esses diferentes substratos. O presente estudo florístico das ecorregiões de caatinga, Depressão Sertaneja Meridional e Raso da Catarina, no município de Tucano, Bahia, é de especial interesse porque neste município ocorrem esses dois substratos em escala geográfica local, permitindo ampliar o conhecimento sobre a heterogeneidade do Domínio da Caatinga. Neste trabalho é apresentado um inventário florístico de 14 localidades nestas duas ecorregiões da Caatinga. Em conjunto, as caatingas amostradas apresentaram uma alta riqueza florística em comparação com outras áreas no nordeste do Brasil. Foram coletadas 450 espécies, 288 gêneros e 82 famílias. A maior riqueza em espécies foi das Leguminosae, seguida por Euphorbiaceae. Nas localidades sobre substrato derivado do embasamento cristalino ocorreram 226 espécies, enquanto nas de substrato arenoso ocorreram 284 espécies. A proporção de espécies em comum entre esses dois tipos de substrato foi de apenas 13%. Diferenças em composição florística reforçam a hipótese de duas biotas distintas associadas aos dois principais tipos de substrato, que compõem a vegetação da caatinga.

          Translated abstract

          AbstractThe caatinga vegetation of northeastern Brazil occurs mainly in Pre-Cambrian, crystalline-derived soils and also on sedimentary-basin-derived sandy soils. Recent evidence has shown variations in the dynamics, structure and floristic composition of the caatinga over these two different edaphic macro-environments, which justifies the need for studies focusing on different substrates. A floristic study of the caatinga ecoregions Depressão Sertaneja Meridionaland Raso da Catarina in the municipality of Tucano, Bahia, Brazil, is of special interest because both substrates occur in a local scale, allowing the opportunity to broaden our knowledge on ecological heterogeneity within the Caatinga biome. In the current study we carried out a floristic survey of 14 sites distributed throughout the ecoregions of caatinga in Tucano. We found high species diversity in the caatingas of Tucano when compared to other areas in northeastern Brazil. A total of 450 species, 288 genera, and 82 families were collected. The most species rich families are Leguminosae and Euphorbiaceae. There occur 226 species in the sites on crystalline basement, whereas 284 species were collected in the sandy areas. The ecoregions were only 13% similar in floristic composition. We found strong differences between the ecoregions with respect to floristic composition and predominant plant habit as proxy for phytophysiognomy. Overall, our results reinforce the hypothesis of two distinct biotas that assembly the caatinga dry woodlands.

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          Dispersal, environment, and floristic variation of western Amazonian forests.

          The distribution of plant species, the species compositions of different sites, and the factors that affect them in tropical rain forests are not well understood. The main hypotheses are that species composition is either (i) uniform over large areas, (ii) random but spatially autocorrelated because of dispersal limitation, or (iii) patchy and environmentally determined. Here we test these hypotheses, using a large data set from western Amazonia. The uniformity hypothesis gains no support, but the other hypotheses do. Environmental determinism explains a larger proportion of the variation in floristic differences between sites than does dispersal limitation; together, these processes explain 70 to 75% of the variation. Consequently, it is important that management planning for conservation and resource use take into account both habitat heterogeneity and biogeographic differences.
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            SEASONALLY DRY FORESTS OF TROPICAL SOUTH AMERICA: FROM FORGOTTEN ECOSYSTEMS TO A NEW PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC UNIT

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              The Caatinga Dominium

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rod
                Rodriguésia
                Rodriguésia
                Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro )
                2175-7860
                September 2015
                : 66
                : 3
                : 685-709
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal da Bahia Brazil
                Article
                S2175-78602015000300685
                10.1590/2175-7860201566303
                b96036ca-4301-42be-a270-e401cbd35a48

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2175-7860&lng=en
                Categories
                ECOLOGY
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany,Ecology
                Brazilian semiarid,Depressão Sertaneja Meridional,Raso da Catarina,seasonally dry forest,floresta sazonalmente seca,semiárido brasileiro

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