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      Avaliação do Perfil dos Professores de Medicina de uma Universidade do Interior de Minas Gerais Translated title: Assessment of Medical Faculty Profile at a University in Minas Gerais, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Resumo: Introdução: O ensino médico vem passando por grande reformulação nas últimas décadas, e um dos pontos considerados fundamentais nessa mudança é a atuação docente. Pesquisas indicam que os professores de Medicina usualmente possuem pouca formação didático-pedagógica, dividem-se entre as profissões de médico e professor, colocada em segundo plano, privilegiam a pesquisa em relação ao ensino e são resistentes a mudanças no seu modo de atuação. Segundo a literatura, essas características repercutiriam diretamente no ensino oferecido. Método: A presente pesquisa buscou analisar como características dos professores de Medicina de uma universidade no interior de Minas Gerais repercutem na forma como os alunos avaliam o ensino recebido. Para tanto, levantou-se o perfil dos professores a partir de documentação e entrevista semiestruturada. Posteriormente, os alunos avaliaram os professores participantes por meio de um questionário autoaplicado. Confrontaram-se avaliação e perfil, e utilizaram-se testes estatísticos para a análise da associação entre características e avaliação feita. Participaram 57 professores (83,8% dos elegíveis) e 203 alunos (84,5% dos elegíveis). Resultados: Foi identificado perfil de professores semelhante ao da literatura, com a maioria em dedicação parcial à universidade, renda proporcionada principalmente por outra profissão e preparação didática constituindo parte reduzida da formação. A comparação entre os grupos de características dos professores, com base nas avaliações dos alunos, por sua vez, mostrou resultados que rompem com a bibliografia. Os dados mostraram, com relevância estatística, que no curso professores mais jovens, com menos tempo de graduação, de atuação docente e de experiência em outra profissão, sem mestrado e que possuem como motivação para lecionar prazer e aptidão são mais bem avaliados. Maior tempo de preparação didática, cursos preparatórios, maior dedicação semanal ao ensino e maior identificação com a docência, entre outros aspectos, não se associam à melhor avaliação de forma estatisticamente significativa. Conclusões: A pior avaliação do docente mais experiente, associada a questões como conflitos geracionais e dificuldades de adaptação a novos currículos, mostra a importância de uma preparação docente contínua e reforçada com o tempo. Além disso, o melhor desempenho de professores mais satisfeitos demonstra a importância da valorização da carreira docente. Por fim, constata-se que quantidade de formação não é suficiente sem qualidade nessa formação.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Introduction: Medical education has undergone a major overhaul over the last decades and one significant change is related to teaching performance. Research indicates that the medical faculty typically has little training in didactics, split their time between clinical practice and teaching, award less priority to the latter, privileging research to the detriment of teaching, and resist changing their ways. According to the literature, such traits and attitudes would directly affect educational quality. Method: This study assessed how traits and attitudes of the medical faculty at a university in Minas Gerais impact student assessment of the education they receive. For that purpose, teachers were profiled through semi-structured interviews and analysis of relevant documentation. Subsequently, students assessed their teachers’ performance through a self-applied questionnaire. Performance and profiles were then compared, and statistical tests were used to analyze the associations between teachers’ traits and performance assessment results. Overall, 57 faculty members (83.8% of those eligible) and 203 students (84.5% of those eligible) participated in this study. Results: A faculty profile similar to that found in the literature was identified, with a majority of teachers dedicating only part of their time to the university, and most of their income coming from another occupation and teacher training amounting to a small portion of their overall professional training. The analyses of relationships between groups of traits and teaching performance, however, contradicted the literature. The data showed, with statistical relevance, that younger teachers and those who graduated a shorter time ago, who are less experienced in teaching or have other occupations, who lack a master’s degree and whose motivation to teach comes from satisfaction and vocation are better evaluated. Longer didactical training, undergoing training courses, longer weekly dedication and greater identification with the teaching profession are not significantly associated with better evaluation. Conclusion: The worse evaluation of the most experienced faculty, associated with issues such as generational conflicts and difficulties adapting to new curricula, shows the importance of continuous faculty training and updating. Additionally, the better performance of more satisfied teachers, demonstrates the importance of valuing the teaching career and raising its status. Finally, it seems that more teacher training is not enough in itself and more attention must be paid to the training quality.

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          Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as predictors of job performance.

          The happy-productive worker hypothesis has most often been examined in organizational research by correlating job satisfaction to performance. Recent research has expanded this to include measures of psychological well-being. However, to date, no field research has provided a comparative test of the relative contribution of job satisfaction and psychological well-being as predictors of employee performance. The authors report 2 field studies that, taken together, provide an opportunity to simultaneously examine the relative contribution of psychological well-being and job satisfaction to job performance. In Study 1, psychological well-being, but not job satisfaction, was predictive of job performance for 47 human services workers. These findings were replicated in Study 2 for 37 juvenile probation officers. These findings are discussed in terms of research on the happy-productive worker hypothesis.
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            Generational changes and their impact in the classroom: teaching Generation Me.

            Many faculty members believe that students today differ from those in the past. This paper reviews the empirical evidence for generational changes among students and makes recommendations for classroom teaching based on these changes. Generational changes are rooted in shifts in culture and should be viewed as reflections of changes in society. This paper reviews findings from a number of studies, most of which rely on over-time meta-analyses of students' (primarily undergraduates') responses to psychological questionnaires measuring IQ, personality traits, attitudes, reading preferences and expectations. Others are time-lag studies of nationally representative samples of high school students. Today's students (Generation Me) score higher on assertiveness, self-liking, narcissistic traits, high expectations, and some measures of stress, anxiety and poor mental health, and lower on self-reliance. Most of these changes are linear; thus the year in which someone was born is more relevant than a broad generational label. Moreover, these findings represent average changes and exceptions certainly occur. These characteristics suggest that Generation Me would benefit from a more structured but also more interactive learning experience, and that the overconfidence of this group may need to be tempered. Faculty and staff should give very specific instructions and frequent feedback, and should explain the relevance of the material. Rules should be strictly followed to prevent entitled students from unfairly working the system. Generation Me students have high IQs, but little desire to read long texts. Instruction may need to be delivered in shorter segments and perhaps incorporate more material delivered in media such as videos and an interactive format. Given their heightened desire for leisure, today's students may grow into professionals who demand lighter work schedules, thereby creating conflict within the profession.
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              O modelo biomédico e a reformulação do currículo médico da Universidade Federal Fluminense

              Este artigo analisa a construção do modelo a partir do qual vem se baseando o currículo das faculdades de medicina nas Américas e na maioria dos países europeus. Críticas que vêm sendo feitas a esse modelo são identificadas na reformulação curricular do curso de medicina da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). A análise do documento de reformulação curricular da UFF, de 1992, bem como sua comparação com o currículo anterior, à luz da história do modelo biomédico, da teoria curricular e da epistemologia de Ludwik Fleck, aponta em que medida essa reformulação significa uma alternativa ao modelo biomédico de formação dos médicos, ao reducionismo do ser humano ao seu organismo biológico. O novo currículo - com um aumento de 25% da carga horária e a introdução de grande número de aulas práticas, desde o início do curso -, apesar de ainda estar centrado nos aspectos biológicos, já se volta para uma formação mais humanista e se propõe a questionar as "verdades científicas".
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbem
                Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica
                Rev. bras. educ. med.
                Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-5502
                1981-5271
                2020
                : 44
                : 3
                : e096
                Affiliations
                [1] Divinópolis Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de São João del-Rei Brazil
                Article
                S0100-55022020000300214 S0100-5502(20)04400300214
                10.1590/1981-5271v44.3-20190330
                b803028c-4d36-4a1c-82f7-a58c0f967919

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 June 2020
                : 23 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigo Original

                Educação Médica,Avaliação Educacional,Education Medical,Health Education,Docentes de Medicina,Educational Evaluation,Educação em Saúde,Medical Faculty

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