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      Caracterización fenomenológica de las conductas repetitivas impulsivas orientadas hacia el cuerpo y el trastorno por excoriación en estudiantes universitarios Translated title: Phenomenological characterization of body-focused repetitive impulsive behaviours and excoriation disorder in college students

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Las conductas repetitivas impulsivas orientadas hacia el cuerpo (CRIOC) se caracterizan por el rascado, mordido y/o remoción de uñas, pelos y piel, pudiendo llegar a constituir un desorden mental. El trastorno por excoriación (TE) o dermatilomanía ha sido recientemente incorporado como desorden específico al DSM-5 como parte del espectro obsesivo-compulsivo. Su fenomenología describe una conducta reactiva a la ansiedad, seguida de tensión psíquica progresiva y luego placentera al realizarla, finalizando muchas veces en culpa. Se ha reportado una mayor incidencia de TE en estudiantes universitarios, sin embargo, los estudios en Latinoamérica son escasos. Objetivos: Establecer la frecuencia y las características fenomenológicas de las CRIOC y del TE en población universitaria. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario de autorreporte sobre aspectos relacionados con el TE en estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: 440 estudiantes fueron incluidos. Un 22,2% sintió siempre o casi siempre el impulso de rascar su piel hasta lesionarse; 13,2% ejecutó estas acciones varias veces al día y 4,3% desplegó mucho esfuerzo en resistirlas. Los afectos más frecuentemente asociados fueron culpa, vergüenza, arrepentimiento y autorreproche. Un 24,1% creyó que estos comportamientos fueron anormales y 6,1% que constituyeron una patología. Según criterios DSM-5 y establecidos por los autores, se hallaron cuatro casos compatibles con TE (0,91%), al descartar patologías psiquiátricas y médicas comórbidas. Conclusión: Aunque las CRIOC fueron frecuentes en población universitaria, la frecuencia de TE fue similar a la de la población general, describiendo una fenomenología característica congruente con la reportada por la literatura.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Body-focused repetitive impulsive behaviors (BFRIB) are characterized by skin, nail and hair removing, scratching and/or biting, that configurate a mental disorder in some cases. Excoriation disorder (ED) or dermatillomania has been recently added as a specific disorder in DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive spectrum. Its phenomenology describes a behavior that emerges from anxiety, followed by a progressive psychic tension and then a pleasurable sensation, concluding in many times in guilt. Evidence has reported a greater incidence of ED in college students; however, studies in Latin America are scarce. Objective: To establish frequence and phenomenological features of BFRIB and ED in college students. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study through the application of a self-administered questionnaire about ED aspects in college students. Results: 440 students were included; 22.2% felt always or almost always the impulse to scratch their skin until they were injured; 13.2% made these actions many times a day and 4.3% deployed considerable efforts in resisting them. Most frequent reported affects were guilt, shame, repentance, and self-reproach; 24.1% thought these behaviors were abnormal and 6.1% considered they constitute a pathology. According to DSM-5 and authors’ criteria, four cases of ED were found (0.91%), when psychiatric and medical comorbidities were discarded. Conclusion: Although BFRIB were frequent in college students, dermatillomania frequency was similar to general population. A characteristic phenomenology was described, similar to the evidence reported one.

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          Most cited references35

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          Skin picking disorder.

          Although skin picking has been documented in the medical literature since the 19th century, only now is it receiving serious consideration as a DSM psychiatric disorder in discussions for DSM-5. Recent community prevalence studies suggest that skin picking disorder appears to be as common as many other psychiatric disorders, with reported prevalences ranging from 1.4% to 5.4%. Clinical evaluation of patients with skin picking disorder entails a broad physical and psychiatric examination, encouraging an interdisciplinary approach to evaluation and treatment. Approaches to treatment should include cognitive-behavioral therapy (including habit reversal or acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy) and medication (serotonin reuptake inhibitors, N-acetylcysteine, or naltrexone). Based on clinical experience and research findings, the authors recommend several management approaches to skin picking disorder.
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            Skin picking behaviors: An examination of the prevalence and severity in a community sample.

            Body-focused repetitive behaviors such as skin picking have gained recent attention in the psychiatric literature. Prevalence of skin picking has not been well researched and is difficult to estimate; however, consequences of such behaviors can include severe medical complications and impaired social and occupational functioning. Given this, this study examined: (1) the prevalence and severity of skin picking in a nonclinical community sample, and (2) associations between skin picking and other measures of psychological functioning. Three hundred and fifty-four participants completed measures of psychological functioning and skin picking frequency and severity. A total of 62.7% endorsed some form of skin picking and 5.4% reported clinical levels of skin picking and associated distress/impact. Direct associations were found between skin picking and depressive, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which may support the emotional regulation model of pathological skin picking. To establish proper diagnostic classification of pathological skin picking and optimize treatment planning and outcome, further investigation of functional relationships between skin picking and affective distress is needed.
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              Self-reported and neuropsychological measures of impulsivity in pathological gambling.

              Pathological Gambling is an impulse control disorder. Impulsivity has been investigated separately by neuropsychological tests and self-report scales. Although some studies have tried to correlate these approaches, their interaction has not been sufficiently explored among pathological gamblers (PG). In this study, we have compared 214 PG (162 with comorbidity and 52 with no comorbidity) to 82 healthy volunteers regarding the reaction time and number of errors at Go/No-go tasks, and scores on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). PG have committed more errors at the Go/No-go tasks and presented higher scores on the self-report scale. The neuropsychological tests and BIS composed a multinomial logistic model that discriminated PG from non-gamblers better than models having one or another type of measure. Impulsivity seems to be a multi-dimensional phenomenon, and PG a heterogeneous population in which different types of impulsivity are present.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rchnp
                Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría
                Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr.
                Sociedad de Neurología, Psiquiatría y Neurocirugía (Santiago, , Chile )
                0717-9227
                December 2017
                : 55
                : 4
                : 221-230
                Affiliations
                [5] Viña del Mar Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso orgdiv1Centro Cochrane Chile
                [6] Viña del Mar Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Salud Pública Chile
                [2] Viña del Mar Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso orgdiv1Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud (CIESAL) Chile
                [4] Viña del Mar Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso orgdiv1Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas Chile
                [3] Viña del Mar Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina Chile
                [1] Viña del Mar Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso orgdiv1Escuela de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Pediatría Chile
                [7] Valparaíso orgnameHospital Carlos van Buren orgdiv1Servicio de Pediatría Chile
                Article
                S0717-92272017000400221
                10.4067/s0717-92272017000400221
                b4ed3268-1f1c-4240-8f98-f1c6676c9138

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 October 2017
                : 24 April 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                students,Excoriation disorder,compulsive skin-picking,Trastorno por excoriación,rascado compulsivo,estudiantes

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