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      Long-term trends in length and age at sexual maturity of hoki Macruronus magellanicus and southern hake Merluccius australis from Chilean Patagonia Translated title: Tendencias a largo plazo en la longitud y edad de madurez sexual de la merluza de cola Macruronus magellanicus y merluza del sur Merluccius australis de la Patagonia chilena

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          Abstract

          Abstract Long-term trends of length and mean age at sexual maturity (MLSM and MASM) of female Patagonian hoki Macruronus magellanicus (2001 to 2019) and southern hake Merluccius australis (1989 to 2019) were analyzed in overexploited stocks from the Outer Sea (OS) and Inner Sea (IS) of Chilean Patagonia. The study of the samples was performed by microscopic analysis of the gonads and part of them were analyzed histologically, together with fish otoliths readings. MLSM and MASM were calculated using a generalized linear model. MLSM of hoki in the OS experienced large annual fluctuations, with a difference of 16.2 cm between extreme values. MLSM was 55.3 cm in 2001 and 44.1 cm in 2019. MASM ranged between 2.9 and 4.4 years. In the IS (only one year sampled) precocious maturation was found in females between 32 cm and 35 cm total length (TL). MLSM of southern hake was rather stable within a range of 5.5 cm, from 73.5 cm TL in 1989 to 73.9 cm in 2019. MASM ranged between 10.4 and 11.6 years. MLSM in the IS was 4.5 cm TL lower than in the OS in the three years of sampling. Life history information of these species suggests that favorable environmental conditions in the IS allow them to reach MLSM earlier than in the OS.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Se analizó la tendencia a largo plazo de la longitud y edad media de madurez sexual (MLSM y MASM) de hembras de merluza de cola Macruronus magellanicus (2001 a 2019) y de merluza del sur Merluccius australis (1989 a 2019), en stocks sobrexplotados del Mar Exterior (OS) y Mar Interior (IS) de la Patagonia chilena. El estudio de las muestras se realizó mediante el análisis microscópico de las gónadas y parte de ellas se examinó histológicamente, junto con la lectura de otolitos. La MLSM y MASM se calcularon con un modelo lineal generalizado. La MLSM de la merluza de cola en el OS experimentó grandes fluctuaciones interanuales, con una diferencia de 16,2 cm entre los valores extremos, desde 55,3 cm longitud total (TL) en 2001 hasta 44,1 cm en 2019. El rango de la MASM fue entre 2,9 y 4,4 años. En el único año muestreado en el IS, se determinó maduración precoz en merluza de cola entre 32 y 35 cm TL. La MLSM en la merluza del sur mostró estabilidad dentro de un rango 5,1 cm, desde 73,5 cm TL en 1989 hasta 73,9 cm en 2019. La MASM presentó un rango desde 10,4 a 11,6 años. En los tres años muestreados en el IS, la MLSM fue menor en 4,5 cm TL al comparar con el OS. La información disponible sobre la historia de vida de estas especies sugiere que las favorables condiciones ambientales en el IS les permitirían alcanzar más tempranamente la MLSM que en el OS.

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              Life history change in commercially exploited fish stocks: an analysis of trends across studies

              Age and size at maturation have declined dramatically in many commercial fish stocks over the past few decades – changes that have been widely attributed to fishing pressure. We performed an analysis of such trends across multiple studies, to test for the consistency of life history changes under fishing, and for their association with the intensity of exploitation (fishing mortality rate). We analyzed 143 time series from 37 commercial fish stocks, the majority of which originated from the North Atlantic. Rates of phenotypic change were calculated for two traditional maturation indices (length and age at 50% maturity), as well as for probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs). We found that all three indices declined in heavily exploited populations, and at a rate that was strongly correlated with the intensity of fishing (for length at 50% maturity and PMRNs). These results support previous assertions that fishing pressure is playing a major role in the life history changes observed in commercial fish stocks. Rates of change were as strong for PMRNs as for age and size at 50% maturity, which is consistent with the hypothesis that fishing-induced phenotypic changes can sometimes have a genetic basis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                revbiolmar
                Revista de biología marina y oceanografía
                Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.
                Universidad de Valparaíso. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (Valparaíso, , Chile )
                0718-1957
                April 2023
                : 58
                : 1
                : 32-48
                Affiliations
                [3] Iquique Tarapacá orgnameUniversidad Arturo Prat orgdiv1Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables Chile
                [1] Viña del Mar Valparaíso orgnameUniversidad de Valparaíso orgdiv1Escuela de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Naturales Chile
                [2] Valparaíso orgnameInstituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) orgdiv1División Investigación Pesquera Chile
                Article
                S0718-19572023000100032 S0718-1957(23)05800100032
                10.22370/rbmo.2023.58.1.4150
                b212b0a0-c3a1-447c-b530-3846609a92e4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 November 2022
                : 16 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 84, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                sexual maturity stages,Longitud y edad media de maduración sexual,estadios de madurez sexual,maduración precoz,Chile,Pacífico suroriental,Mean length and age at sexual maturity,precocious maturation,Southeastern Pacific

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