Self-Compassion Moderates the Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Identifying risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation during adolescence is essential for suicide prevention. One potential risk factor is body dissatisfaction which appears to peak during adolescence. The present study investigated the self-compassion buffering effects in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and suicidal ideation. A convenience sample comprising 580 adolescents (mean age 16.35 years; SD = .87; range 14–18 years) was recruited from public schools. The results indicated a strong positive association between body dissatisfaction and suicidal ideation (Cohen’s f ² =  .25). The association was significantly moderated by the self-compassion ( β =  − .16 , SE = .04, p = .01, t  = 2.4.34, .95% CI [− .16, − .01]). Structural equation modeling analysis showed that the lack of self-kindness was associated with a moderate suicidal ideation level (Cohen’s f ² = .14). Also, higher levels of self-judgment predicted suicidal ideation with a moderate to large effect size (Cohen’s f ² = .28). The findings suggest that therapeutic programs designed to develop self-compassion should be implemented to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation among adolescents with body dissatisfaction. The findings empirically show that a higher degree of self-judgment is strongly associated with suicidal thoughts among adolescents, which must be systematically addressed in clinical studies on suicidal risk.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00727-4.