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      South-South migration: a study on refugees working in small and medium Brazilian enterprises Translated title: Migração Sul-Sul: um estudo sobre refugiados trabalhando em pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras Translated title: Migración sur-sur: un estudio sobre refugiados trabajando en pequeñas y medianas empresas brasileñas

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          Abstract

          Abstract This article aims to analyze the integration of refugees from the global South in the workplace of small and medium enterprises in the city of São Paulo, based on interpersonal relationships between Brazilian employers, refugee workers, and Brazilian workers. The literature focuses on South-South migration, refugees in Brazil, and their stereotypes in the workplace. The research was qualitative, using a case study. Semi-structured individual interviews and non-participant observation were conducted with 28 respondents: 7 refugee workers (2 Haitians, 2 Angolans, 1 Congolese, 1 Nigerian, and 1 Beninese); 7 Brazilian employers (4 owners and 3 managers in the services, commerce, and industry sectors); and 14 Brazilian co-workers. Results show managerial incentive to different forms of communication seeking to break the language barrier as well as explicit racism. The employers only began to worry about the integration of refugees when they had problems with Brazilians, such as disrespect for Halal food of Muslim refugees and the perception that refugees transmit diseases. Brazilian workers and employers stereotype refugees from African countries (including Haiti) as a homogeneous group of “black Africans,” reflecting a total lack of knowledge about their geographical and cultural diversity. This lack of knowledge strongly influences interpersonal relationships and makes it difficult for refugees to integrate into the workplace. This article contributes to the reflection on South-South migration, since the literature usually explores South-North and North-North migration.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a integração de refugiados do Sul global no local de trabalho de pequenas e médias empresas da cidade de São Paulo, com base nas relações interpessoais entre trabalhadores refugiados e empregadores e trabalhadores brasileiros. A literatura trata da migração Sul-Sul, refugiados no Brasil e seus estereótipos no ambiente de trabalho. A pesquisa foi qualitativa e o método foi um estudo de caso. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e observação não participante, com 28 entrevistados: 7 trabalhadores refugiados (2 haitianos, 2 angolanos, 1 congolês, 1 nigeriano e 1 beninês); 7 empregadores brasileiros (4 proprietários e 3 gerentes nos setores de serviços, comércio e indústria); e 14 colegas brasileiros trabalhadores. Os resultados mostram tanto o incentivo gerencial para diferentes formas de comunicação, buscando romper a barreira da linguagem, como racismo explícito. Os empregadores só começaram a se preocupar com a integração dos refugiados quando tinham problemas com o convívio destes com os trabalhadores brasileiros, como o desrespeito à comida Halal dos refugiados muçulmanos e a percepção destes como transmissores de doenças. Trabalhadores e empregadores brasileiros estereotipam refugiados de países africanos como um grupo homogêneo de “negros africanos”, incluindo o Haiti, refletindo falta de conhecimento sobre a diversidade geográfica e cultural dos refugiados. Este desconhecimento influencia fortemente as relações interpessoais e dificulta a integração dos refugiados no local de trabalho. Este artigo contribui para a reflexão sobre a migração Sul-Sul, rara na literatura, mais dedicada à migração Sul-Norte e Norte-Norte.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Este estudio analiza la integración de los refugiados del sur global en el lugar de trabajo como pequeñas y medianas empresas en la ciudad de São Paulo, con base en las relaciones interpersonales entre empleadores y trabajadores brasileños y refugiados. La literatura trata de la migración sur-sur, de los refugiados en Brasil y sus estereotipos en el trabajo. La investigación fue cualitativa y el método, un estudio de caso. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y observación no participante con 28 encuestados: 7 trabajadores refugiados (2 haitianos, 2 angoleños, 1 congoleño, 1 nigeriano y 1 de Benin); 7 empleadores brasileños (4 propietarios y 3 gerentes en los sectores de servicios, comercio e industria); y 14 compañeros brasileños. Los resultados muestran que hubo incentivo gerencial para diferentes formas de comunicación, buscando romper la barrera del idioma, como también el racismo explicitado. Los empleadores solo comenzaron a preocuparse por la integración de los refugiados cuando estos tuvieron problemas con los brasileños, como la falta de respeto por la comida halal de los refugiados musulmanes y la percepción de estos como transmisores de enfermedades. Los trabajadores y empleadores brasileños estereotipan a los refugiados como un grupo homogéneo de “africanos negros”, incluido Haití, lo que refleja desconocimiento sobre la diversidad geográfica y cultural de estos, influyendo fuertemente en las relaciones interpersonales y dificultando la integración de los refugiados en el lugar de trabajo. Este artículo contribuye a la reflexión sobre la migración sur-sur, escasa en la literatura, más dedicada a la migración sur-norte y norte-norte.

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          Most cited references55

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          Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components.

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            Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework

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              Toward a Social Psychology of Race and Race Relations for the Twenty-First Century.

              The United States, like many nations, continues to experience rapid growth in its racial minority population and is projected to attain so-called majority-minority status by 2050. Along with these demographic changes, staggering racial disparities persist in health, wealth, and overall well-being. In this article, we review the social psychological literature on race and race relations, beginning with the seemingly simple question: What is race? Drawing on research from different fields, we forward a model of race as dynamic, malleable, and socially constructed, shifting across time, place, perceiver, and target. We then use classic theoretical perspectives on intergroup relations to frame and then consider new questions regarding contemporary racial dynamics. We next consider research on racial diversity, focusing on its effects during interpersonal encounters and for groups. We close by highlighting emerging topics that should top the research agenda for the social psychology of race and race relations in the twenty-first century.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cebape
                Cadernos EBAPE.BR
                Cad. EBAPE.BR
                Fundação Getulio Vargas, Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                1679-3951
                June 2021
                : 19
                : 2
                : 252-264
                Affiliations
                [2] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração Brazil
                [1] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameCentro Universitário Unihorizontes orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração Brazil
                Article
                S1679-39512021000200252 S1679-3951(21)01900200252
                10.1590/1679-395120200056
                af774151-d897-4241-84bb-03680daaf68e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 October 2020
                : 18 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 57, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Article

                Workplace integration,Integração no local de trabalho,Racismo,Haiti,Países africanos,Migração Sul-Sul,Integración en el lugar de trabajo,Migración sur-sur,Racism,African countries,South-South migration

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