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      El orégano: propiedades, composición y actividad biológica de sus componentes Translated title: Oregano: Properties, composition and biological activity

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN. El orégano comprende varias especies de plantas que son utilizadas con fines culinarios, siendo las más comúnes el Origanum vulgare, nativo de Europa, y el Lippia graveolens, originario de México. Entre las especies de Origanum se encuentran como componentes principales el limoneno, el beta -cariofileno, el rho -cimeno, el canfor, el linalol, el alfa -pineno, el carvacrol y el timol. En el género Lippia pueden encontrarse estos mismos compuestos. Su contenido depende de la especie, el clima, la altitud, la época de recolección y el estado de crecimiento.Algunas propiedades de los extractos del orégano han sido estudiadas debido al creciente interés por sustituir los aditivos sintéticos en los alimentos. El orégano tiene una buena capacidad antioxidante y antimicrobiana contra microorganismos patógenos como Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, entre otros. Estas características son muy importantes para la industria alimentaria ya que pueden favorecer la inocuidad y estabilidad de los alimentos como también protegerlos contra alteraciones lipídicas. Existen además algunos informes sobre el efecto antimutagénico y anticarcinogénico del orégano sugiriendo que representan una alternativa potencial para el tratamiento y/o prevención de trastornos crónicos como el cáncer.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY. The oregano spice includes various plant species. The most common are the genus Origanum, native of Europe, and the Lippia, native of Mexico. Among the species of Origanum, their most important components are the limonene, beta -cariofilene, rho -cymenene, canfor, linalol, alpha -pinene, carvacrol and thymol. In the genus Lippia, the same compounds can be found. The oregano composition depends on the specie, climate, altitude, time of recollection and the stage of growth. Some of the properties of this plant’s extracts are being currently studied due to the growing interest for substituting synthetic additives commonly found in foods. Oregano has a good antioxidant capacity and also presents antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms like Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, among others. These are all characteristics of interest for the food industry because they may enhance the safety and stability of foods. There are also some reports regarding the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effect of oregano; representing an alternative for the potential treatment and/or prevention of certain chronic ailments, like cancer.

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          Most cited references128

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          Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds.

          The antioxidative activity of a total of 92 phenolic extracts from edible and nonedible plant materials (berries, fruits, vegetables, herbs, cereals, tree materials, plant sprouts, and seeds) was examined by autoxidation of methyl linoleate. The content of total phenolics in the extracts was determined spectrometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). Among edible plant materials, remarkable high antioxidant activity and high total phenolic content (GAE > 20 mg/g) were found in berries, especially aronia and crowberry. Apple extracts (two varieties) showed also strong antioxidant activity even though the total phenolic contents were low (GAE < 12.1 mg/g). Among nonedible plant materials, high activities were found in tree materials, especially in willow bark, spruce needles, pine bark and cork, and birch phloem, and in some medicinal plants including heather, bog-rosemary, willow herb, and meadowsweet. In addition, potato peel and beetroot peel extracts showed strong antioxidant effects. To utilize these significant sources of natural antioxidants, further characterization of the phenolic composition is needed.
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            Natural antioxidants from residual sources

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              Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts.

              The antimicrobial activity of plant oils and extracts has been recognized for many years. However, few investigations have compared large numbers of oils and extracts using methods that are directly comparable. In the present study, 52 plant oils and extracts were investigated for activity against Acinetobacter baumanii, Aeromonas veronii biogroup sobria, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia col, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype typhimurium, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus, using an agar dilution method. Lemongrass, oregano and bay inhibited all organisms at concentrations of < or = 2.0% (v/v). Six oils did not inhibit any organisms at the highest concentration, which was 2.0% (v/v) oil for apricot kernel, evening primrose, macadamia, pumpkin, sage and sweet almond. Variable activity was recorded for the remaining oils. Twenty of the plant oils and extracts were investigated, using a broth microdilution method, for activity against C. albicans, Staph. aureus and E. coli. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0.03% (v/v) thyme oil against C. albicans and E. coli and 0.008% (v/v) vetiver oil against Staph. aureus. These results support the notion that plant essential oils and extracts may have a role as pharmaceuticals and preservatives.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                alan
                Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición
                ALAN
                Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición (Caracas )
                0004-0622
                March 2004
                : 54
                : 1
                : 100-111
                Article
                S0004-06222004000100015
                af0772eb-2b4f-42e2-bfd3-e692035fbe4a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-0622&lng=en
                Categories
                NUTRITION & DIETETICS

                Nutrition & Dietetics
                Oregano,Lippia,essential oil,aroma,thymol,antioxidant,antimicrobial activity,Orégano,aceites esenciales,timol,antioxidante,actividad antimicrobiana

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