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      Effects of molecular hydrogen supplementation on fatigue and aerobic capacity in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

      systematic-review

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          Abstract

          Background

          Fatigue is oftentimes induced by high-intensity exercise potentially via the exceeded amount of reactive oxygen species, leading to diminished functions (e.g., aerobic capacity) and increased risk of injuries. Studies indicate that molecular hydrogen (H 2), with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may be a promising strategy to alleviate fatigue and improve aerobic capacity. However, such effects have not been comprehensively characterized.

          Objective

          To systematically assess the effects of in taking H 2 on fatigue and aerobic capacity in healthy adults.

          Methods

          The search was conducted in August 2022 in five databases. Studies with randomized controlled or crossover designs that investigated the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max), peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak), and endurance performance were selected. The data (mean ± standard deviation and sample size) were extracted from the included studies and were converted into the standardized mean difference (SMD). Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Subgroup analysis was used to analyze potential sources of heterogeneity due to intervention period, training status, and type of exercise.

          Results

          Seventeen publications (19 studies) consisting of 402 participants were included. The pooled effect sizes of H 2 on RPE (SMD pooled = −0.38, 95%CI −0.65 to −0.11, p = 0.006, I 2 = 33.6%, p = 0.149) and blood lactate (SMD pooled = −0.42, 95% CI −0.72 to −0.12, p = 0.006, I 2 = 35.6%, p = 0.114) were small yet significant with low heterogeneity. The pooled effect sizes of H 2 on VO 2max and VO 2peak (SMD pooled = 0.09, 95% CI −0.10 to 0.29, p = 0.333, I 2 = 0%, p = 0.998) and endurance performance (SMD pooled = 0.01, 95% CI −0.23 to 0.25, p = 0.946, I 2 = 0%, p > 0.999) were not significant and trivial without heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis revealed that the effects of H 2 on fatigue were impacted significantly by the training status (i.e., untrained and trained), period of H 2 implementation, and exercise types (i.e., continuous and intermittent exercises).

          Conclusions

          This meta-analysis provides moderate evidence that H 2 supplementation alleviates fatigue but does not enhance aerobic capacity in healthy adults.

          Systematic review registration

          www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022351559.

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          Most cited references64

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          The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

          Matthew J L Page, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick Bossuyt … (2025)
          The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.
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            Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.

            Julian P. T. Higgins, Simon Thompson, Jonathan Deeks … (2003)
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              The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials

              Julian P. T. Higgins, Douglas G. Altman, Peter C. Gøtzsche … (2014)
              Flaws in the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of randomised trials can cause the effect of an intervention to be underestimated or overestimated. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias aims to make the process clearer and more accurate
              Article 0 comments Cited 7430 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Nutr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Nutr
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Nutr.
                Title: Frontiers in Nutrition
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2296-861X
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 February 2023
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1094767
                Affiliations
                [1] 1College of Sports and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu , Sichuan, China
                [2] 2Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University , Beijing, China
                [3] 3China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University , Beijing, China
                [4] 4Hebrew SeniorLife Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, United States
                [5] 5School of Strength and Conditioning Training, Beijing Sport University , Beijing, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Marcin Maciejczyk, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Poland

                Reviewed by: Hassane Zouhal, University of Rennes 2 – Upper Brittany, France; Takuji Kawamura, University of Physical Education (Budapest), Hungary

                *Correspondence: Dapeng Bao ✉ baodp@ 123456bsu.edu.cn

                This article was submitted to Sport and Exercise Nutrition, a section of the journal Frontiers in Nutrition

                †These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1094767
                PMC ID: 9934906
                PubMed ID: 36819697
                SO-VID: aee47a93-12e2-4a3f-911f-d998bc838096
                Copyright © Copyright © 2023 Zhou, Liu, Wang, Liu, Manor, Bao, Zhang and Zhou.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 10 November 2022
                Date accepted : 16 January 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 18, Words: 7885
                Funding
                DB was supported by the Key Research and Development Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology (2018YFC2000602).
                Categories
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Systematic Review

                Keywords: molecular hydrogen,fatigue,aerobic capacity,rating of perceived exertion,maximal oxygen uptake
                Data availability:
                Keywords: molecular hydrogen, fatigue, aerobic capacity, rating of perceived exertion, maximal oxygen uptake

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