Veterinary clinic surfaces as reservoirs of multi-drug- and biocide-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

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Abstract

This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the common Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) contaminating veterinary clinic environments, and to evaluate the susceptibility of the isolates to commonly used antibiotics and biocides. A total of 62 swab samples were collected from different frequently touched surfaces in the 4 veterinary clinics visited. The samples were processed for isolation and identification of GNB using standard microbiological procedures. The susceptibility of the isolates to disinfectants and antibiotics was determined using agar dilution and disc diffusion techniques, respectively. A total of 114 GNB were isolated from the 4 clinics with isolation rates of 21.9, 22.8, 23.7 and 31.6% in clinics A, B, C and D, respectively. The surfaces of treatment tables were more contaminated (16.7 %) than receptionist/clinician desks (15.8%), weighing balances (10.5 %), door handles (7.9 %), drip stands (7.9 %), handwashing basins (7.0 %) and client chairs (7.0%). The surface-contaminating isolates were distributed into 20 genera, with members of Enterobacteriaceae predominating ( n=97). Fifty-nine per cent of the isolates were resistant to the disinfectant Septol, while 5.3 and 0.9% were resistant to Purit and Dettol disinfectants, respectively. Multiple drug resistance was observed among 99% of the isolates with approximately 100% resistance to beta-lactams. Phenotypic expression of extended-spectrum (3.5 %) and AmpC beta-lactamase (38.6 %) production was detected. These findings highlight the role of clinic environments in serving as reservoirs for potential pathogens and sources for the spread of multi-drug resistant GNB.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Access Microbiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Access Microbiol

Journal ID (hwp): acmi

Journal ID (publisher-id): acmi

Title: Access Microbiology

Publisher: Microbiology Society

ISSN (Electronic): 2516-8290

Publication date Collection: 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 2 November 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 2 November 2021

Volume: 3

Issue: 11

Electronic Location Identifier: 000277

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] departmentDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Federal University of Agriculture , Makurdi, Nigeria

[ ² ] departmentDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Nigeria , Nsukka, Nigeria

[ ³ ] departmentDepartment of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Nigeria , Nsukka, Nigeria

Author notes

*Correspondence: Chinedu A. Akwuobu, akwuobu.chinedu@ 123456uam.edu.ng

Author information

Chinedu A. Akwuobu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6361-9463

Emmanuel O. Ngbede https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8951-876X

Levi M. Mamfe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-1283

Article

Publisher ID: 000277

DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000277

PMC ID: 8742594

PubMed ID: 35018324

SO-VID: ae4c02bd-00bf-4d0f-a0d6-467b3457ea06

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License. The Microbiology Society waived the open access fees for this article.

History

Date received : 19 May 2021

Date accepted : 26 August 2021

Custom metadata

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Keywords: biocides,gram-negative bacteria, infection,pathogens,surfaces,veterinary clinics

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Keywords: biocides, gram-negative bacteria, infection, pathogens, surfaces, veterinary clinics

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