Structure, Antioxidant, and Hypoglycemic Activities of Arabinoxylans Extracted by Multiple Methods from Triticale

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Abstract

Different methods of isolating arabinoxylans (AXs) from triticale were performed to investigate the extraction methods’ effects on the physiological functions of the AXs. Structural, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic activities were determined. The molecular weights (MWs) of enzyme- or water-extracted AXs were lower than those of alkali-extracted AXs. Opposite trends were shown by the arabinose–xylose ratio. Enzyme-extracted AXs exhibited higher glucose adsorption capacity and hydroxyl radical-scavenging efficiency than alkali-extracted AXs. The α-amylase inhibition ability, DPPH radical-scavenging capacity, and metal-chelating activity of alkali-extracted AXs were higher than those of enzyme-extracted AXs. Water-extracted AXs had the highest glucose dialysis retardation index. In conclusion, extraction methods can influence the physiological function of AXs through their structural features. AXs with higher MWs and esterified ferulic acid (FA) levels had higher antioxidant ability, whereas AXs with higher solubility and free FA level exhibited higher hypoglycemic activity.

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Analysis of antioxidant activities of common vegetables employing oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays: a comparative study.

Boxin Ou, Dejian Huang, Maureen Hampsch-Woodill … (2002)

A total of 927 freeze-dried vegetable samples, including 111 white cabbages, 59 carrots, 51 snap beans, 57 cauliflower, 33 white onions, 48 purple onions, 130 broccoli, 169 tomatoes, 25 beets, 88 peas, 88 spinach, 18 red peppers, and 50 green peppers, were analyzed using the oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) methods. The data show that the ORAC and FRAP values of vegetable are not only dependent on species, but also highly dependent on geographical origin and harvest time. The two antioxidant assay methods, ORAC and FRAP, also give different antioxidant activity trends. The discrepancy is extensively discussed based on the chemistry principles upon which these methods are built, and it is concluded that the ORAC method is chemically more relevant to chain-breaking antioxidants activity, while the FRAP has some drawbacks such as interference, reaction kinetics, and quantitation methods. On the basis of the ORAC results, green pepper, spinach, purple onion, broccoli, beet, and cauliflower are the leading sources of antioxidant activities against the peroxyl radicals.

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In vitro study of possible role of dietary fiber in lowering postprandial serum glucose.

S Ou, K Kwok, Y Li … (2001)

There have been many reports concerning the role of dietary fiber in lowering postprandial serum glucose, and the main mechanism was regarded as the viscosity of different dietary fibers in hampering diffusion of glucose and postponing absorption and digestion of carbohydrates. In this paper, two kinds of water-insoluble dietary fibers, water-insoluble dietary fiber of wheat bran and enzyme-resistant starch of maize amylose, and four kinds of water-soluble dietary fibers, water-soluble dietary fiber of wheat bran, carboxymethyl cellulose, guar gum, and xanthan gum, were used to investigate their postprandial serum glucose lowering mechanism in vitro. The results showed that these dietary fibers lowered postprandial serum glucose levels at least by three mechanisms. First, dietary fibers increase the viscosity of small intestine juice and hinder diffusion of glucose; second, they bind glucose and decrease the concentration of available glucose in the small intestine; and, third, they retard alpha-amylase action through capsuling starch and the enzyme and might directly inhibit the enzyme. All of these decreased the absorption rate of glucose and the concentration of postprandial serum glucose.

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Use and Abuse of the DPPH(•) Radical.

Mario Foti (2015)

The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)) radical is approaching 100 years from its discovery in 1922 by Goldschmidt and Renn. This radical is colored and remarkably stable, two properties that have made it one of the most popular radicals in a wide range of studies. First, there is the evaluation of the antioxidant abilities of phenols and other natural compounds (A-H) through a "test" that-at a closer look-is utterly inappropriate. In fact, the test-derived EC50, that is, the concentration of A-H able to scavenge 50% of the initial DPPH(•), is not a kinetic parameter and hence its purported correlation with the antioxidant properties of chemicals is not justified. Kinetic measurements, such as the second-order rate constants for H-atom abstraction from A-H by DPPH(•), in apolar media, are the only useful parameters to predict the antioxidant ability of A-H. Other applications of DPPH(•) include kinetic and mechanistic studies, kinetic solvent effects, EPR spectroscopy, polymer chemistry, and many more. In this review these applications are evaluated in detail by showing the usefulness of some and the uselessness of others. The chemistry of DPPH(•) is also briefly reviewed.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Antioxidants (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Antioxidants (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): antioxidants

Title: Antioxidants

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2076-3921

Publication date (Electronic): 25 November 2019

Publication date Collection: December 2019

Volume: 8

Issue: 12

Electronic Location Identifier: 584

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, Sichuan, China; chenhong945@ 123456sicau.edu.cn (H.C.); sakiiiiis@ 123456163.com (Z.C.); yf18398265218@ 123456163.com (Y.F.); m15983089780@ 123456163.com (J.L.); linsiying132@ 123456163.com (S.L.); zhangqing@ 123456sicau.edu.cn (Q.Z.); lyt_taotao@ 123456163.com (Y.L.); DT_Wu@ 123456sicau.edu.cn (D.W.); lindr2018@ 123456sicau.edu.cn (D.L.); hans_980306@ 123456sicau.edu.cn (G.H.)

[2 ]Department of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Food and Drug Inspection, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China; calm945@ 123456aliyun.com

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[* ]Correspondence: qinwen@ 123456sicau.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-0835-2882576

[†]

Authors contributed equally to this article.

Author information

Hong Chen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3605-6551

Yuntao Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-8725

Dingtao Wu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-1886

Article

Publisher ID: antioxidants-08-00584

DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120584

PMC ID: 6943583

PubMed ID: 31775251

SO-VID: ab47346d-b80e-4fb5-9512-6f0fa4e3a937

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 30 October 2019

Date accepted : 21 November 2019

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Structure, Antioxidant, and Hypoglycemic Activities of Arabinoxylans Extracted by Multiple Methods from Triticale

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Most cited references 31

Analysis of antioxidant activities of common vegetables employing oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays: a comparative study.

In vitro study of possible role of dietary fiber in lowering postprandial serum glucose.

Use and Abuse of the DPPH(•) Radical.

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Cited by 6

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