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      • Record: found
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      Is Open Access

      Plant health emergencies demand open science: Tackling a cereal killer on the run

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      Author(s):   1 , * , 1 , 2
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS Biology
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Outbreaks of emerging plant diseases and insect pests are increasing at an alarming rate threatening the food security needs of a booming world population. The role of plant pathologists in addressing these threats to plant health is critical. Here, we share our personal experience with the appearance in Bangladesh of a destructive new fungal disease called wheat blast and stress the importance of open-science platforms and crowdsourced community responses in tackling emerging plant diseases. Benefits of the open-science approach include recruitment of multidisciplinary experts, application of cutting-edge methods, and timely replication of data analyses to increase the robustness of the findings. Based on our experiences, we provide some general recommendations and practical guidance for responding to emerging plant diseases.

          Abstract

          In this Perspective article, the authors share their personal experience with the appearance in Bangladesh of a destructive new fungal disease called wheat blast and stress the importance of open science platforms and crowdsourced community responses in tackling emerging plant diseases.

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          • Record: found
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          Is Open Access

          Emergence of wheat blast in Bangladesh was caused by a South American lineage of Magnaporthe oryzae

          M. Tofazzal Islam, Daniel Croll, Pierre Gladieux … (2016)
          Background In February 2016, a new fungal disease was spotted in wheat fields across eight districts in Bangladesh. The epidemic spread to an estimated 15,000 hectares, about 16 % of the cultivated wheat area in Bangladesh, with yield losses reaching up to 100 %. Within weeks of the onset of the epidemic, we performed transcriptome sequencing of symptomatic leaf samples collected directly from Bangladeshi fields. Results Reinoculation of seedlings with strains isolated from infected wheat grains showed wheat blast symptoms on leaves of wheat but not rice. Our phylogenomic and population genomic analyses revealed that the wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh was most likely caused by a wheat-infecting South American lineage of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Conclusion Our findings suggest that genomic surveillance can be rapidly applied to monitor plant disease outbreaks and provide valuable information regarding the identity and origin of the infectious agent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0309-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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            Evolution of the wheat blast fungus through functional losses in a host specificity determinant

            Yoshihiro H. Inoue, Trinh Vy, Kentaro Yoshida … (2017)
            Article 0 comments Cited 101 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Is Open Access

              Wheat Blast in Bangladesh: The Current Situation and Future Impacts

              M. Tofazzal Islam, Kwang-Hyung Kim, Jaehyuk Choi (2019)
              Wheat blast occurred in Bangladesh for the first time in Asia in 2016. It is caused by a fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype. In this review, we focused on the current status of the wheat blast in regard to host, pathogen, and environment. Despite the many efforts to control the disease, it expanded to neighboring regions including India, the world’s second largest wheat producer. However, the disease occurrence has definitely decreased in quantity, because of many farmers chose to grow alternate crops according to the government’s directions. Bangladesh government planned to introduce blast resistant cultivars but knowledges about genetics of resistance is limited. The genome analyses of the pathogen population revealed that the isolates caused wheat blast in Bangladesh are genetically close to a South American lineage of Magnaporthe oryzae. Understanding the genomes of virulent strains would be important to find target resistance genes for wheat breeding. Although the drier winter weather in Bangladesh was not favorable for development of wheat blast before, recent global warming and climate change are posing an increasing risk of disease development. Bangladesh outbreak in 2016 was likely to be facilitated by an extraordinary warm and humid weather in the affected districts before the harvest season. Coordinated international collaboration and steady financial supports are needed to mitigate the fearsome wheat blast in South Asia before it becomes a catastrophe.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Biol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS Biol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosbiol
                Title: PLoS Biology
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Print): 1544-9173
                ISSN (Electronic): 1545-7885
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 June 2019
                Publication date Collection: June 2019
                Publication date PMC-release: 3 June 2019
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: e3000302
                Affiliations
                [1 ] The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
                [2 ] Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
                Author notes

                The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-0315
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6434-7757
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7613-0261
                Article
                Publisher ID: PBIOLOGY-D-19-00757
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000302
                PMC ID: 6564034
                PubMed ID: 31158224
                SO-VID: a8fddc8a-2368-4882-9fb9-6284e97a7baa
                Copyright © © 2019 Kamoun et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, Pages: 6
                Funding
                SK and NJT acknowledge funding from the Gatsby Charitable Foundation, European Research Council, the BBSRC, and the Global Challenges Research Fund (BB/P023339/1). MTI acknowledges funding of the Krishi Gobeshona Foundation, Bangladesh (KGF-TF 50-C/17). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Subject: Perspective
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Eukaryota
                Subject: Plants
                Subject: Grasses
                Subject: Wheat
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Agriculture
                Subject: Crop Science
                Subject: Crops
                Subject: Cereal Crops
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Geographical Locations
                Subject: Asia
                Subject: Bangladesh
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Plant Science
                Subject: Plant Pathology
                Subject: Plant Pathogens
                Subject: Plant Fungal Pathogens
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Plant Science
                Subject: Plant Pathology
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Genetics
                Subject: Fungal Genetics
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Mycology
                Subject: Fungal Genetics
                Subject: Science Policy
                Subject: Science and Technology Workforce
                Subject: Careers in Research
                Subject: Scientists
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Professions
                Subject: Scientists
                Subject: Science Policy
                Subject: Open Science
                Custom metadata
                PLOS Publication Stage vor-update-to-uncorrected-proof
                Publication Update 2019-06-13

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences

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