Anti-viral potential of garlic ( Allium sativum ) and it's organosulfur compounds: A systematic update of pre-clinical and clinical data

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Abstract

Background

Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) is a common herb consumed worldwide as functional food and traditional remedy for the prevention of infectious diseases since ancient time. Garlic and its active organosulfur compounds (OSCs) have been reported to alleviate a number of viral infections in pre-clinical and clinical investigations. However, so far no systematic review on its anti-viral effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms exists.

Scope and approach

The aim of this review is to systematically summarize pre-clinical and clinical investigations on antiviral effects of garlic and its OSCs as well as to further analyse recent findings on the mechanisms that underpin these antiviral actions. PubMed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases were searched and articles up to June 2020 were included in this review.

Key findings and conclusions

Pre-clinical data demonstrated that garlic and its OSCs have potential antiviral activity against different human, animal and plant pathogenic viruses through blocking viral entry into host cells, inhibiting viral RNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase, DNA synthesis and immediate-early gene 1(IEG1) transcription, as well as through downregulating the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. The alleviation of viral infection was also shown to link with immunomodulatory effects of garlic and its OSCs. Clinical studies further demonstrated a prophylactic effect of garlic in the prevention of widespread viral infections in humans through enhancing the immune response. This review highlights that garlic possesses significant antiviral activity and can be used prophylactically in the prevention of viral infections.

Highlights

•

Garlic have anti-viral and immune boosting properties.
•

Dietary intake of garlic and garlic products is suggested as a source of anti-viral agents that can prevent viral infections as a prophylactic intervention.
•

The organosulfur constituents of garlic contribute in prevention of viral infections.

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Most cited references 116

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Is Open Access

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Author and article information

Contributors

Shaikh Jamal Uddin

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Trends Food Sci Technol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Trends Food Sci Technol

Title: Trends in Food Science & Technology

Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.

ISSN (Print): 0924-2244

ISSN (Electronic): 1879-3053

Publication date PMC-release: 19 August 2020

Publication date (Electronic): 19 August 2020

Affiliations

[a ]Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh

[b ]Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

[c ]Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

[d ]Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

[e ]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA

[f ]Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK

[g ]School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, Australia

Author notes

[∗ ]Corresponding author. Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics & Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Viet Nam. shaikh.jamal.uddin@ 123456tdtu.edu.vn

Article

Publisher ID: S0924-2244(20)30564-1

DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.08.006

PMC ID: 7434784

PubMed ID: 32836826

SO-VID: a7548e46-0988-4e72-bdf0-2aec1ef11d25

License:

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

History

Date received : 25 April 2020

Date revision received : 5 August 2020

Date accepted : 8 August 2020

Categories

Subject: Article

Keywords: allium sativum,organosulfur compounds,immunomodulatory,pandemic,functional food,age, aged garlic extract,arvi, acute respiratory viral infection,adv-3, adenovirus-3,adv-41, adenovirus-41,alt, alanine aminotransferase,aiv-h9n2, avian influenza virus-h9n2,cov, coronavirus,cbv-3, coxsackie b −3,cpe, cytopathic effect,das, diallyl sulfide,dads, diallyl disulfide,dats, diallyl trisulfide,ddb, dimethyl-4,4′-dimethoxy-5,6,5′,6′-dimethylene dioxybiphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylate,echo11, echovirus-11,erk, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase,ecm, extracellular matrix,fda, food and drug administration,ge, garlic extract,go, garlic oil,gras, generally regarded as safe,glrav‐2, grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 2,hsv-1, herpes simplex virus-1,hsv-2, herpes simplex virus-2,hav, hepatitis a virus,hp, haptoglobin,hiv-1, human immunodeficiency virus-1,hrv-2, human rhinovirus type 2,hpv, influenza b virus human papillomavirus,hcmv, human cytomegalovirus,iav-h1n1, ibv influenza a virus-h1n1,iegs, immediate-early genes,ieg1, immediate-early gene 1,lge, lipid garlic extract,nk, natural killer,mars-cov, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus,mapk, mitogen activated protein kinase,mdck cells, madin-darby canine kidney cells,mev, measles virus,ndv, newcastle disease virus,na, not available,oscs, organosulfur compounds,piv- 3, parainfluenza virus-3,prv, porcine rotavirus,pvy, potato virus y,prrsv, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,pge, powdered garlic extract,rcts, randomized clinical trials,rmcw, recalcitrant multiple common warts,rv-sa-11, rotavirus sa-11,samg, s-allyl-mercapto-glutathione,samc, s-allyl-mercaptocysteine,sars-cov, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,si, selectivity index,sac, serum antioxidant concentration,swv, spotted wilt virus,srge, sustained release garlic extract,vsv, vesicular stomatitis virus,vv, vaccinia virus

Data availability:

Keywords: allium sativum, organosulfur compounds, immunomodulatory, pandemic, functional food, age, aged garlic extract, arvi, acute respiratory viral infection, adv-3, adenovirus-3, adv-41, adenovirus-41, alt, alanine aminotransferase, aiv-h9n2, avian influenza virus-h9n2, cov, coronavirus, cbv-3, coxsackie b −3, cpe, cytopathic effect, das, diallyl sulfide, dads, diallyl disulfide, dats, diallyl trisulfide, ddb, dimethyl-4,4′-dimethoxy-5,6,5′,6′-dimethylene dioxybiphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylate, echo11, echovirus-11, erk, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, ecm, extracellular matrix, fda, food and drug administration, ge, garlic extract, go, garlic oil, gras, generally regarded as safe, glrav‐2, grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 2, hsv-1, herpes simplex virus-1, hsv-2, herpes simplex virus-2, hav, hepatitis a virus, hp, haptoglobin, hiv-1, human immunodeficiency virus-1, hrv-2, human rhinovirus type 2, hpv, influenza b virus human papillomavirus, hcmv, human cytomegalovirus, iav-h1n1, ibv influenza a virus-h1n1, iegs, immediate-early genes, ieg1, immediate-early gene 1, lge, lipid garlic extract, nk, natural killer, mars-cov, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus, mapk, mitogen activated protein kinase, mdck cells, madin-darby canine kidney cells, mev, measles virus, ndv, newcastle disease virus, na, not available, oscs, organosulfur compounds, piv- 3, parainfluenza virus-3, prv, porcine rotavirus, pvy, potato virus y, prrsv, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, pge, powdered garlic extract, rcts, randomized clinical trials, rmcw, recalcitrant multiple common warts, rv-sa-11, rotavirus sa-11, samg, s-allyl-mercapto-glutathione, samc, s-allyl-mercaptocysteine, sars-cov, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, si, selectivity index, sac, serum antioxidant concentration, swv, spotted wilt virus, srge, sustained release garlic extract, vsv, vesicular stomatitis virus, vv, vaccinia virus

Anti-viral potential of garlic ( Allium sativum) and it's organosulfur compounds: A systematic update of pre-clinical and clinical data

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Abstract

Background

Scope and approach

Key findings and conclusions

Highlights

Related collections

Wiley: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19

Most cited references 116

Integrin signaling.

Molecular Mechanisms of Treg-Mediated T Cell Suppression

Structure of a human common cold virus and functional relationship to other picornaviruses.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Article

History

Categories

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