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      Variación radial de la densidad básica en Pinus patula Schltdl. et Cham. de tres localidades en Hidalgo Translated title: Radial variation of basic density in Pinus patula Schltdl. et Cham. in three locations from Hidalgo state

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          Abstract

          La densidad básica de la madera puede variar ampliamente en un individuo en el sentido radial; esta característica es inherente a la especie o está influenciada por la edad, la forma del árbol, las diferencias genéticas, la velocidad de crecimiento y la historia evolutiva. El presente trabajo aborda dicha variación en Pinus patula ., proveniente de tres localidades del estado de Hidalgo: El Reparo, Tres Fracciones de Fondones y El Aguaje ubicadas en los municipios de Zacualtipán y Metzquititlán. En cada una de ellas se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 20 árboles, y se obtuvo, con el taladro de Pressler, un cilindro de madera de 12 mm de diámetro, a una altura de 1.30 m del fuste para determinar la densidad básica por anillo de crecimiento, mediante el método de máximo contenido de humedad. Para el análisis de los datos, se aplicó un análisis de varianza y una comparación de medias con la prueba de Tukey (α = 0.5). Se probaron los modelos estadísticos que mejor se ajustaron a las tendencias presentadas por la densidad básica. Los resultados muestran una media general de 0.4602 g cm-3, un valor mínimo de 0.2241 y uno máximo de 0.6856 g cm-3. Se determinó que la densidad básica de Pinus patula presenta dos tendencias de variación radial en las tres localidades estudiadas: en la primera se observan incrementos a partir de la médula, en dirección de la corteza, y en la segunda los incrementos van de la médula hasta un punto máximo, para después disminuir al llegar a la corteza.

          Translated abstract

          Variation of wood density may be very important in radial direction. This variation not only may be related to tree species, but also to tree age and form, genetic differences, growth rates and historic evolution. In this study, the radial variation of wood density for Mexican red pine ( Pinus patula) from three sites (Ejido el Reparo, Tres Fracciones of Fondones and El Aguaje)- all of them, located in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico- is presented. In each location, 20 trees were randomly selected and wood increment cores with 12 mm in diameter were obtained at 1.3 m height over the stem. Wood density was determined with the maximum moisture content method in each growth ring of the cores. ANOVA and Tukey test were applied. The best fitted models were tested to determine trends of basic density radial variation. Results showed a mean of 0.4602 g cm-3 with ranging variation from 0.2241 g cm-3 to 0.6856 g cm-3. Wood density variation of Mexican red pine presented two patterns of radial variation in the three locations, the first one increases from the pith to the bark and the second one, also increases from the pith up to a maximum and then decreases when it reaches the bark.

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          Mechanical reinforcement of tracheids compromises the hydraulic efficiency of conifer xylem.

          Wood structure and function of juvenile wood from 18 conifer species from four conifer families (Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae and Podocarpaceae) were examined for a trade-off between wood reinforcement and hydraulic efficiency. Wood density and tracheid 'thickness-to-span' ratio were used as anatomical proxies for mechanical properties. The thickness:span represented the ratio of tracheid double wall thickness to lumen diameter. Hydraulic resistivity (R) of tracheids on a cross-sectional area basis (RCA) increased over 50-fold with increasing density and thickness:span, implying a strength versus efficiency conflict. The conflict arose because density and thickness:span were increased by narrowing tracheid diameter rather than by thickening walls, which may be developmentally difficult. In the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae species, density and thickness:span correlated strongly with protection from drought-induced embolism, suggesting that mechanical strength was required in part to withstand tracheid collapse by negative sap pressure. These species showed a corresponding trade-off between increasing RCA and embolism protection. In contrast, species of Podocarpaceae and Araucariaceae were overbuilt for their embolism protection and were hydraulically inefficient, having greater density, thickness:span and RCA, none of which were correlated with vulnerability to embolism.
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            Primary Wood Processing Principles and Practice

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              The estructure of wood

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                remcf
                Revista mexicana de ciencias forestales
                Rev. mex. de cienc. forestales
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (México )
                2007-1132
                October 2011
                : 2
                : 7
                : 71-78
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango
                [2 ] Colegio de Postgraduados
                [3 ] Universidad Autónoma Chapingo
                Article
                S2007-11322011000500006
                a752d0b9-4309-4a80-8ef9-643645d7e5ad

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Categories
                Forestry

                Forestry
                Basic density,Hidalgo State,Pinus patula Schltdl. et Cham.,physical properties,radial variation,Zacualtipán,Densidad básica,estado de Hidalgo,Pinus patula Schltdl. et Cham,propiedades físicas,variación radial

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