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      Fertilization of two genetic groups of Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. in a four-year progeny trial Translated title: Fertilización de dos grupos genéticos de Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. en un ensayo de progenies de cuatro años

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Genetic improvement and nutritional management are used to increase productive capacity. Objective: To analyze the effect of traditional and controlled-release fertilizers, as well as the way to define the doses (technically or empirically), on growth of 20 tree families of Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. Materials and methods: Four fertilization treatments were applied: 1) control; 2) “technical”, based on foliar analysis; 3) controlled release (18-6-12 + 2CaO + 3.5 Mg + 2.1 Si + microelements); and 4) mixture of agricultural fertilizers in nutrient concentrations similar to the controlled-release treatment. Height, diameter, biomass index, number of whorls, leaf mass, and growth initiation and cessation were evaluated in a group of 10 superior and 10 inferior three-year old families in Chignahuapan, Puebla. Data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS. Results and discussion: Trees showed no significant differences in growth, biomass production and growth initiation by fertilization effect, but showed significant differences by genetic quality (P ≤ 0.05). The genotype*fertilization interaction was significant; after one year of controlled-release fertilizer application, inferior genotypes had the highest values of relative rates of biomass production, diameter at root collar and height. Conclusions: Controlled-release fertilizers at appropriate doses and environmental conditions are a viable option to promote growth of young P. patula trees in the field.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: El mejoramiento genético y el manejo nutrimental son utilizados para aumentar la capacidad productiva. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de fertilizantes tradicionales y de liberación controlada, así como la forma de definir las dosis (técnica o empíricamente), sobre el crecimiento de 20 familias de árboles de Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos de fertilización: 1) control; 2) “técnico”, basado en análisis foliares; 3) liberación controlada (18-6-12 + 2CaO + 3.5 Mg + 2.1 Si + microelementos) y 4) mezcla de fertilizantes agrícolas en concentraciones nutrimentales semejantes al tratamiento de liberación controlada. La altura, diámetro, índice de biomasa, número de verticilos, masa foliar e inicio y cese de crecimiento se evaluaron en un grupo de 10 familias superiores y otro de 10 familias inferiores de tres años en Chignahuapan, Puebla. Los datos se analizaron con el procedimiento MIXED de SAS. Resultados y discusión: Los árboles no presentaron diferencias significativas en el crecimiento, producción de biomasa e inicio de crecimiento por efecto de la fertilización, pero sí por la calidad genética (P ≤ 0.05). La interacción genotipo*fertilización fue significativa; después de un año de la aplicación de fertilizantes de liberación controlada, los genotipos inferiores presentaron los valores más altos de las tasas relativas de producción de biomasa, diámetro al cuello de la raíz y altura. Conclusiones: Los fertilizantes de liberación controlada en dosis y condiciones ambientales adecuadas son una opción viable para promover el crecimiento de árboles jóvenes de P. patula en campo.

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          The dynamic nature of bud dormancy in trees: environmental control and molecular mechanisms.

          In tree species native to temperate and boreal regions, the activity-dormancy cycle is an important adaptive trait both for survival and growth. We discuss recent research on mechanisms controlling the overlapping developmental processes that define the activity-dormancy cycle, including cessation of apical growth, bud development, induction, maintenance and release of dormancy, and bud burst. The cycle involves an extensive reconfiguration of metabolism. Environmental control of the activity-dormancy cycle is based on perception of photoperiodic and temperature signals, reflecting adaptation to prevailing climatic conditions. Several molecular actors for control of growth cessation have been identified, with the CO/FT regulatory network and circadian clock having important coordinating roles in control of growth and dormancy. Other candidate regulators of bud set, dormancy and bud burst have been identified, such as dormancy-associated MADS-box factors, but their exact roles remain to be discovered. Epigenetic mechanisms also appear to factor in control of the activity-dormancy cycle. Despite evidence for gibberellins as negative regulators in growth cessation, and ABA and ethylene in bud formation, understanding of the roles that plant growth regulators play in controlling the activity-dormancy cycle is still very fragmentary. Finally, some of the challenges for further research in bud dormancy are discussed. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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            Basic Growth Analysis

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              Thinking about efficiency of resource use in forests

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcscfa
                Revista Chapingo serie ciencias forestales y del ambiente
                Rev. Chapingo ser. cienc. for. ambient
                Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Coordinación de Revistas Institucionales (Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico )
                2007-3828
                2007-4018
                April 2022
                : 28
                : 1
                : 21-36
                Affiliations
                [2] Texcoco orgnameColegio de Postgraduados orgdiv1Postgrado en Edafología Mexico
                [1] Texcoco orgnameColegio de Postgraduados orgdiv1Postgrado en Ciencias Forestales Mexico
                Article
                S2007-40182022000100021 S2007-4018(22)02800100021
                10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.08.049
                2f8477d8-f77c-4c16-bb6d-1efa7f056ff6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 August 2020
                : 30 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Scientific articles

                growth rate,foliar analysis,forest nutrition,genotypes,controlled-release fertilizer,análisis foliar,tasa de crecimiento,nutrición forestal,genotipos,fertilizante de liberación controlada

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