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      Tau protein plays a role in the mechanism of cognitive disorders induced by anesthetic drugs

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          Abstract

          Cognitive disorders are mental health disorders that can affect cognitive ability. Surgery and anesthesia have been proposed to increase the incidence of cognitive dysfunction, including declines in memory, learning, attention and executive function. Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein located in the axons of neurons and is important for microtubule assembly and stability; its biological function is mainly regulated by phosphorylation. Phosphorylated tau protein has been associated with cognitive dysfunction mediated by disrupting the stability of the microtubule structure. There is an increasing consensus that anesthetic drugs can cause cognitive impairment. Herein, we reviewed the latest literature and compared the relationship between tau protein and cognitive impairment caused by different anesthetics. Our results substantiated that tau protein phosphorylation is essential in cognitive dysfunction caused by anesthetic drugs, and the possible mechanism can be summarized as “anesthetic drugs-kinase/phosphatase-p-Tau-cognitive impairment”.

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          Most cited references224

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          The Hallmarks of Aging

          Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. This deterioration is the primary risk factor for major human pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Aging research has experienced an unprecedented advance over recent years, particularly with the discovery that the rate of aging is controlled, at least to some extent, by genetic pathways and biochemical processes conserved in evolution. This Review enumerates nine tentative hallmarks that represent common denominators of aging in different organisms, with special emphasis on mammalian aging. These hallmarks are: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. A major challenge is to dissect the interconnectedness between the candidate hallmarks and their relative contributions to aging, with the final goal of identifying pharmaceutical targets to improve human health during aging, with minimal side effects. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

            Alzheimer's disease biomarkers are important for early diagnosis in routine clinical practice and research. Three core CSF biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau) have been assessed in numerous studies, and several other Alzheimer's disease markers are emerging in the literature. However, there have been no comprehensive meta-analyses of their diagnostic performance. We systematically reviewed the literature for 15 biomarkers in both CSF and blood to assess which of these were most altered in Alzheimer's disease.
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              Blood-brain barrier breakdown in the aging human hippocampus.

              The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits entry of blood-derived products, pathogens, and cells into the brain that is essential for normal neuronal functioning and information processing. Post-mortem tissue analysis indicates BBB damage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The timing of BBB breakdown remains, however, elusive. Using an advanced dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI protocol with high spatial and temporal resolutions to quantify regional BBB permeability in the living human brain, we show an age-dependent BBB breakdown in the hippocampus, a region critical for learning and memory that is affected early in AD. The BBB breakdown in the hippocampus and its CA1 and dentate gyrus subdivisions worsened with mild cognitive impairment that correlated with injury to BBB-associated pericytes, as shown by the cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Our data suggest that BBB breakdown is an early event in the aging human brain that begins in the hippocampus and may contribute to cognitive impairment.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Neurosci
                Front Neurosci
                Front. Neurosci.
                Frontiers in Neuroscience
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1662-4548
                1662-453X
                01 March 2023
                2023
                : 17
                : 1145318
                Affiliations
                Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Marta Llansola, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Spain

                Reviewed by: Wojciech Piekoszewski, Jagiellonian University, Poland; Di Wang, Xuzhou Medical University, China

                *Correspondence: Xin Zhao, lujnzx@ 123456sohu.com

                This article was submitted to Neuropharmacology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience

                Article
                10.3389/fnins.2023.1145318
                10015606
                36937655
                a7049e6b-44d0-4d0b-be62-43a51705cbe3
                Copyright © 2023 Chen, Wang, Meng, Ye, Shan, Wang, Zhao and Jin.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 16 January 2023
                : 13 February 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 224, Pages: 18, Words: 17641
                Funding
                This present study was supported by grants from Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR2021MH016).
                Categories
                Neuroscience
                Review

                Neurosciences
                tau protein,phosphorylation,anesthetic drugs,cognitive impairment,sevoflurane
                Neurosciences
                tau protein, phosphorylation, anesthetic drugs, cognitive impairment, sevoflurane

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