A brief review on novel pyrene based fluorometric and colorimetric chemosensors for the detection of Cu ²⁺

Abstract

This review article provides a detailed overview of pyrene containing colorimetric and fluorometric chemosensors based on different binding mechanisms which fulfill the criteria of affinity, selectivity and sensitivity.

Abstract

The development of colorimetric and fluorometric chemosensors that capable of detecting Cu ²⁺ ions by a change in colour and fluorescence intensity has been described. Herein, chemosensors having pyrene functional groups as a signaling moiety are discussed in detail as pyrene derivatives show significant photophysical properties being superior to those of other commonly used scaffolds. This review article provides a detailed overview of pyrene containing chemosensors based on fluorescence mechanisms, such as excimer/exciplex formation, photoinduced electron transfer (PET), photoinduced charge transfer (PCT), aggregation induced emission (AIE), ligand to metal charge transfer process (LMCT), chelation enhanced quenching mechanism (CHEQ), Cu ²⁺-selective reactions for the selective and sensitive detection of Cu ²⁺. Potential future applications are also discussed because of the fact Cu ²⁺ ion recognition has a great significance in the biological, environmental and medical sectors.