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      Má percepção da limitação aos fluxos aéreos em pacientes com asma moderada a grave Translated title: Poor perception of airflow limitation in patients with moderate to severe asthma

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          Abstract

          Introdução: Este estudo avaliou a percepção da obstrução das vias aéreas em pacientes ambulatoriais com asma moderada a grave e a capacidade da ausculta torácica em identificar a limitação aos fluxos aéreos. Métodos: Trinta e três pacientes foram avaliados em sete visitas semanais usando escores de sintomas por meio de escala visual analógica de sintomas (EVAS, 0-100mm), índice clínico de hiper-reatividade brônquica (1-10), a classificação clínica de gravidade da asma (GINA, 1-4) e um escore de ausculta torácica (EAT, 0-5), espirometria e pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), que foram correlacionados por meio do coeficiente de Spearman. Os pacientes foram classificados como percebedores (--1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>£ </FONT>r < 0) e não percebedores (0 <= r <= 1) através das correlações entre a EVAS para dispnéia e o VEF1. A correlação entre a ausculta e a obstrução brônquica foi considerada acurada quando um r <= --0,5 (EAT vs. VEF1) era observado. Resultados: Dezessete asmáticos (51,5%) não perceberam acuradamente o grau de obstrução das vias aéreas (não-percebedores). Nenhuma característica clínica pôde distinguir os grupos. Apenas 39,4% das correlações individuais entre EAT e VEF1 indicaram discriminação acurada pela ausculta. Asma grave não foi associada com ausculta não-acurada ou com má percepção neste estudo. Conclusão: Uma proporção significativa desta amostra de asmáticos não percebeu acuradamente a obstrução das vias aéreas. Além disso, o exame torácico mostrou ser um marcador inadequado da limitação aos fluxos aéreos em asmáticos moderados a graves, estáveis e ambulatoriais.

          Translated abstract

          Background: This study evaluated the perception of airway obstruction in moderate to severely asthmatic outpatients and the efficiency of chest auscultation in identifying airflow limitation. Methods: 33 subjects were evaluated at seven weekly visits by using symptoms scores determined by visual analogue scales (VAS, 0-100 mm), a clinical index of bronchial hyperreactivity (1-10), the clinical classification of asthma severity (GINA, 1-4) and a thoracic auscultation score (TAS, 0-5), spirometry and peak expiratory flow (PEF), which were correlated by the coefficient of Spearman. Patients were classified as perceivers (--1 <= r < 0) or nonperceivers (0 <= r <= 1) by correlations between VAS for dyspnoea and FEV1. A correlation between auscultation and bronchial obstruction was considered accurate when a r <= --0.5 (TAS vs. FEV1) was found. Results: Seventeen asthmatic patients (51.5%) did not accurately perceive the degree of their airways obstruction (nonperceivers). No clinical characteristics distinguished the groups. Only 39.4% of the individual correlations between TAS and FEV1 indicated accurate discrimination by auscultation. Severe asthma was not associated with inaccurate auscultation nor with malperception in this study. Conclusions: A significant proportion of this sample of asthmatic patients did not accurately perceive their own airway obstruction. Moreover, chest examination was shown to be an unsuitable discriminator of airflow limitation in moderate to severe stable asthmatics in an outpatient clinic.

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          Most cited references23

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          Chemosensitivity and perception of dyspnea in patients with a history of near-fatal asthma.

          Many deaths from attacks of asthma may be preventable. However, the difficulty in preventing fatal attacks is that not all the pathophysiologic risk factors have been identified. To examine whether dyspnea and chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia are factors in fatal asthma attacks, we studied 11 patients with asthma who had had near-fatal attacks, 11 patients with asthma who had not had near-fatal attacks, and 16 normal subjects. Their respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia, determined by the standard rebreathing technique while the patients were in remission, were assessed in terms of the slopes of ventilation and airway occlusion pressure as a function of the percentage of arterial oxygen saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, respectively. The perception of dyspnea was scored on the Borg scale during breathing through inspiratory resistances ranging from 0 to 30.9 cm of water per liter per second. The mean (+/- SD) hypoxic ventilatory response (0.14 +/- 0.12 liter per minute per percent of arterial oxygen saturation) and airway occlusion pressure (0.05 +/- 0.05 cm of water per percent of arterial oxygen saturation) were significantly lower in the patients with near-fatal asthma than in the normal subjects (0.60 +/- 0.35, P < 0.001, and 0.16 +/- 0.08, P < 0.001, respectively) and the patients with asthma who had not had near-fatal attacks (0.46 +/- 0.29, P = 0.003, and 0.15 +/- 0.09, P = 0.004). The Borg score was also significantly lower in the patients with near-fatal asthma than in the normal subjects, and their lower hypoxic response was coupled with a blunted perception of dyspnea. Reduced chemosensitivity to hypoxia and blunted perception of dyspnea may predispose patients to fatal asthma attacks.
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            Standardization of spirometry: 1994 update

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              Relationship of wheezing to the severity of obstruction in asthma.

              Ninety-three asthmatic patients were examined on 320 occasions for wheezing and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). The presence of a wheeze (either reported by the patient or found on examination) was associated with a significantly lower PEFR. Expiratory wheezing was usually accompanied by inspiratory wheezing; this biphasic wheezing was associated with a lower PEFR than only expiratory wheezing. Loudness and the high pitch of wheezing were associated with more severe obstruction. Most expiratory wheezing lasted throughout the entire expiration. Expiratory or inspiratory wheezing of high pitch, moderate to severe intensity, and spanning the entire phase of the breath was associated with a lower PEFR than wheezing without these characteristics. Although characterization of wheezing has a general relationship to the severity of airway obstruction, an objective measurement of expiratory flow rate is necessary for the evaluation of each patient's condition.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jpneu
                Jornal de Pneumologia
                J. Pneumologia
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0102-3586
                1678-4642
                July 2001
                : 27
                : 4
                : 185-192
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUFRGS
                [03] orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Serviço de Imunologia
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Farmacologia
                Article
                S0102-35862001000400004 S0102-3586(01)02700404
                9fc30635-1031-4201-851e-91415faee07e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 June 2001
                : 20 October 2000
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Asma,Lung obstructive diseases,Auscultation,Airway obstruction,Asthma,Auscultação,Pneumopatias obstrutivas,Obstrução das vias respiratórias

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