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      Percutaneous transplantation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a dog suspected to have fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy

      case-report

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          Abstract

          The use of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells for cell transplantation therapy holds great promise for repairing spinal cord injury. Here we report the first clinical trial transplantation of human umbilical cord (hUCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the spinal cord of a dog suspected to have fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCEM) and that experienced a loss of deep pain sensation. Locomotor functions improved following transplantation in a dog. Based on our findings, we suggest that transplantation of hUCB-derived MSCs will have beneficial therapeutic effects on FCEM patients lacking deep pain sensation.

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          Spinal cord compression studies. III. Time limits for recovery after gradual compression in dogs.

          I M Tarlov (1954)
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            Axonal remyelination by cord blood stem cells after spinal cord injury.

            VENKATA DASARI, Daniel Spomar, Kay Saving … (2007)
            Human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCB) hold great promise for therapeutic repair after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we present our preliminary investigations on axonal remyelination of injured spinal cord by transplanted hUCB. Adult male rats were subjected to moderate SCI using NYU Impactor, and hUCB were grafted into the site of injury one week after SCI. Immunohistochemical data provides evidence of differentiation of hUCB into several neural phenotypes including neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Ultrastructural analysis of axons reveals that hUCB form morphologically normal appearing myelin sheaths around axons in the injured areas of spinal cord. Colocalization studies prove that oligodendrocytes derived from hUCB secrete neurotrophic hormones neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Cord blood stem cells aid in the synthesis of myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) of myelin in the injured areas, thereby facilitating the process of remyelination. Elevated levels of mRNA expression were observed for NT3, BDNF, MBP and PLP in hUCB-treated rats as revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Recovery of hind limb locomotor function was also significantly enhanced in the hUCB-treated rats based on Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores assessed 14 days after transplantation. These findings demonstrate that hUCB, when transplanted into the spinal cord 7 days after weight-drop injury, survive for at least 2 weeks, differentiate into oligodendrocytes and neurons, and enable improved locomotor function. Therefore, hUCB facilitate functional recovery after moderate SCI and may prove to be a useful therapeutic strategy to repair the injured spinal cord.
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              Human umbilical cord blood cells express neurotrophic factors.

              Ge Wang, Gang Fan, FENG TANG … (2005)
              Freshly isolated or culture-expanded human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMNCs) have been known to express neural phenotypes in vitro and to differentiate into neural cells and improve neurological function recovery after being administrated into rodent models of neurological diseases. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. The present study observed that CBMNCs expressed higher level mRNAs of several neurotrophic factors than adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, a significantly increase in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT4/5) was found in culture supernatants of CBMNCs compared to that of PBMNCs. These findings indicate that CBMNCs express several neurotrophic factors and suggest that the neurotrophic factors secreted by CBMNCs may be responsible for amelioration of central nervous system deficits in animal models after CBMNC administration.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Vet Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Vet. Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JVS
                Title: Journal of Veterinary Science
                Publisher: The Korean Society of Veterinary Science
                ISSN (Print): 1229-845X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1976-555X
                Publication date (Print): December 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 December 2013
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 495-497
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
                [2 ]Seoul Cord Blood Bank, Histostem Co., Seongnam 462-807, Korea.
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Tel: +82-2-450-3664; Fax: +82-2-446-9876; hykim@ 123456konkuk.ac.kr
                Article
                DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.4.495
                PMC ID: 3885746
                PubMed ID: 23820160
                SO-VID: 9aad017a-4614-40d3-99c3-b494467a32d8
                Copyright © © 2013 The Korean Society of Veterinary Science.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 14 December 2011
                Date revision received : 21 August 2012
                Date accepted : 30 August 2012
                Funding
                Funded by: Konkuk University
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine
                Keywords: dog,fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy,percutaneous transplantation,human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells,xenotransplantaion
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Veterinary medicine
                Keywords: dog, fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy, percutaneous transplantation, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, xenotransplantaion

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