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      Induction of plant defense responses by Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) leaf extracts Translated title: Indução de mecanismos de defesa em plantas por extrato de Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae)

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          Abstract

          Aqueous extracts of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum at 10, 25, 40 and 50% (w/v) concentrations induced the production of phytoalexins in soybean cotyledons and sorghum mesocotyls. The aqueous extracts also induced systemic resistance in cucumber to Colletotrichum lagenarium, reflected by reduction in disease incidence and an increase in chitinase production. Modes of action and the existence of possible elicitors of defense response in O. gratissimum leaf extracts are discussed.

          Translated abstract

          Extratos aquosos de folhas da planta medicinal Ocimum gratissimum em concentrações de 10, 25, 40 e 50% (p/v) induziram a produção de gliceolina em cotilédones de soja e de deoxiantocianidinas mesocótilos de sorgo. Os extratos aquosos também induziram resistência sistêmica em pepino contra Colletotrichum lagenarium, refletido na redução da incidência da doença e no aumento da produção de quitinase. O modo de ação e a existência de possíveis elicitores de resposta de defesa nos extratos de folhas de O. gratissimum são discutidos.

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          Anatomia vegetal: Parte I - Células e tecidos

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            Competence for Elicitation of H2O2 in Hypocotyls of Cucumber Is Induced by Breaching the Cuticle and Is Enhanced by Salicylic Acid.

            To study H2O2 production, the epidermal surfaces of hypocotyl segments from etiolated seedlings of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were gently abraded. Freshly abraded segments were not constitutively competent for rapid H2O2 elicitation. This capacity developed subsequent to abrasion in a time-dependent process that was greatly enhanced in segments exhibiting an acquired resistance to penetration of their epidermal cell walls by Colletotrichum lagenarium, because of root pretreatment of the respective seedlings with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid. When this compound or salicylic acid was applied to abraded segments, it also greatly enhanced the induction of competence for H2O2 elicitation. This process was fully inhibited by 5 [mu]M cycloheximide or 200 [mu]M puromycin, suggesting a requirement for translational protein synthesis. Both a crude elicitor preparation and a partially purified oligoglucan mixture from Phytophthora sojae also induced, in addition to H2O2 production, a refractory state, which explains the transient nature of H2O2 elicitation. Taken together, these results suggest that the cucumber hypocotyl epidermis becomes conditioned for competence to produce H2O2 in response to elicitors by a stimulus resulting from breaching the cuticle and/or cutting segments. This conditioning process is associated with protein synthesis and is greatly enhanced when substances able to induce systemic acquired resistance are present in the tissue.
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              In vivo use of extracts from Ocimum gratissimum and Cymbopogon citratus against Phytophthora palmivora causing blackpod disease of cocoa

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                sp
                Summa Phytopathologica
                Summa phytopathol.
                Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia (Botucatu )
                0100-5405
                September 2009
                : 35
                : 3
                : 191-195
                Article
                S0100-54052009000300005
                10.1590/S0100-54052009000300005
                9717b171-1198-4ace-881a-d73508d266a5

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-5405&lng=en
                Categories
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany
                resistance induced sorghum,soybean,cucumber
                Plant science & Botany
                resistance induced sorghum, soybean, cucumber

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