Travelers to North Yemen nearly invariably report that Yemeni people are universally addicted to the drug qat and that the problems of the country are related to this. On the other hand, the majority of Yemenis claim that qat is not only harmless, but that it has many virtues. After describing the chemistry of the drug and the customs of use, this paper addresses the question of the concept of addiction in terms of data gathered during an extensive field study of qat use. Questions of latency, tolerance and availability are discussed, while particular attention and data are devoted to an examination of the "analgesic hypothesis." It is concluded that a more complex theory is needed to deal with drug "dependencies" and that social and cultural perspectives must be added to concepts of the physiological and psychological effects of drugs if progress is to be made toward understanding institutional drug use such as is found with regard to qat.