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      Nível de conhecimento dos professores sobre o TDAH nas escolas públicas estaduais de Rondônia, no Brasil Translated title: Level of knowledge of teachers about ADHD in the public state schools of Rondônia, in Brazil Translated title: Nivel del conocimiento de los profesores sobre el TDAH en las escuelas públicas estatales de Rondonyà, en Brasil

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          Abstract

          RESUMO O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um transtorno prevalente na infância e na adolescência que apresenta desafios para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos professores das escolas públicas estaduais de Rondônia acerca do TDAH. A versão brasileira da Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorders Scale (KADDS-Br) foi aplicada em 202 professores de 18 municípios de Rondônia. Análises descritivas e inferenciais foram conduzidas para explorar o grau de conhecimento, de equívocos e de lacunas sobre o TDAH, incluindo o escore total e três subescalas da KADDS-Br: características gerais, sintomas/diagnóstico e tratamento. Os professores que participaram do estudo evidenciaram um percentual de conhecimento sobre o TDAH de 52,67%, mas com relevantes equívocos (18,90%) e lacunas (28,48%). Em relação aos domínios específicos, o percentual de conhecimento apresentou alguma variabilidade, sendo mais evidente em relação aos sintomas/diagnósticos (69,54%) e menos proeminente sobre características gerais (46,45%) e tratamento (48,95%). O nível de conhecimento dos professores das escolas públicas estaduais de Rondônia sobre o TDAH é mediano, sugerindo a necessidade de formação específica sobre o transtorno.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent disorder in childhood and adolescence and presents challenges for the teaching and learning processes. Given this, it would be recommended that professionals working in the school context knew about the disorder, including aspects of diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of teachers in state public schools in Rondônia about ADHD. The Brazilian version of the Knowledge of Attention Deficit Disorders Scale (KADDS-Br) was applied to 202 teachers from 18 municipalities in Rondônia. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted to explore the degree of knowledge, misunderstandings, and gaps about ADHD, including the total score and three subscales of KADDS-Br: general characteristics, symptoms/diagnosis, and treatment. The teachers who participated in the study showed a percentage of knowledge about ADHD of 52.67% but with relevant mistakes (18.90%) and gaps (28.48%). In relation to specific domains, the percentage of knowledge showed some variability, being more evident concerning symptoms/diagnoses (69.54%) and less prominent in general characteristics (46.45%) and treatment (48.95%). The level of knowledge of teachers in state public schools in Rondônia about ADHD is average, suggesting the need for specific training on the disorder.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno prevalente en la infancia y la adolescencia y presenta desafíos para los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Delante a esto, sería recomendable que los profesionales que trabajan en el contexto escolar tuvieran conocimientos sobre el trastorno, incluidos aspectos de diagnóstico y tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de los profesores de las escuelas públicas estatales de Rondonyà sobre el TDAH. Se aplicó la versión brasileña de la Escala de Conocimiento de los Trastornos por Déficit de Atención (KADDS-Br) a 202 profesores de 18 municipios de Rondonyà. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales para explorar el grado de conocimiento, malentendidos y lagunas sobre el TDAH, incluida la puntuación total y tres subescalas de KADDS-Br: características generales, síntomas/diagnóstico y tratamiento. Los docentes que participaron del estudio mostraron un porcentaje de conocimiento sobre el TDAH del 52,67%, pero con errores relevantes (18,90%) y lagunas (28,48%). Con relación a dominios específicos, el porcentaje de conocimiento mostró cierta variabilidad, siendo más evidente con relación a síntomas/diagnósticos (69,54%) y menos prominente en características generales (46,45%) y tratamiento (48,95%). El nivel de conocimiento de los profesores de las escuelas públicas estatales de Rondonyà sobre el TDAH es medio, lo que sugiere la necesidad de una formación específica sobre el trastorno.

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          ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

          Previous studies have identified significant variability in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence estimates worldwide, largely explained by methodological procedures. However, increasing rates of ADHD diagnosis and treatment throughout the past few decades have fuelled concerns about whether the true prevalence of the disorder has increased over time. We updated the two most comprehensive systematic reviews on ADHD prevalence available in the literature. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to test the effect of year of study in the context of both methodological variables that determined variability in ADHD prevalence (diagnostic criteria, impairment criterion and source of information), and the geographical location of studies. We identified 154 original studies and included 135 in the multivariate analysis. Methodological procedures investigated were significantly associated with heterogeneity of studies. Geographical location and year of study were not associated with variability in ADHD prevalence estimates. Confirming previous findings, variability in ADHD prevalence estimates is mostly explained by methodological characteristics of the studies. In the past three decades, there has been no evidence to suggest an increase in the number of children in the community who meet criteria for ADHD when standardized diagnostic procedures are followed.
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            ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways, and service provision

            Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood behavioural disorder. Systematic reviews indicate that the community prevalence globally is between 2% and 7%, with an average of around 5%. At least a further 5% of children have substantial difficulties with overactivity, inattention, and impulsivity that are just under the threshold to meet full diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Estimates of the administrative prevalence (clinically diagnosed or recorded) vary worldwide, and have been increasing over time. However, ADHD is still relatively under-recognised and underdiagnosed in most countries, particularly in girls and older children. ADHD often persists into adulthood and is a risk factor for other mental health disorders and negative outcomes, including educational underachievement, difficulties with employment and relationships, and criminality. The timely recognition and treatment of children with ADHD-type difficulties provides an opportunity to improve long-term outcomes. This Review includes a systematic review of the community and administrative prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents, an overview of barriers to accessing care, a description of associated costs, and a discussion of evidence-based pathways for the delivery of clinical care, including a focus on key issues for two specific age groups-younger children (aged ≤6 years) and adolescents requiring transition of care from child to adult services.
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              A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

              Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 8%–12% of children worldwide. Throughout an individual’s lifetime, ADHD can significantly increase risk for other psychiatric disorders, educational and occupational failure, accidents, criminality, social disability and addictions. No single risk factor is necessary or sufficient to cause ADHD. The multifactorial causation of ADHD is reflected in the heterogeneity of this disorder, as indicated by its diversity of psychiatric comorbidities, varied clinical profiles, patterns of neurocognitive impairment and developmental trajectories, and the wide range of structural and functional brain anomalies. Although evidence-based treatments can reduce ADHD symptoms in a substantial portion of affected individuals, there is yet no curative treatment for ADHD. A number of theoretical models of the emergence and developmental trajectories of ADHD have been proposed, aimed at providing systematic guides for clinical research and practice. We conducted a comprehensive review of the current status of research in understanding the heterogeneity of ADHD in terms of etiology, clinical profiles and trajectories, and neurobiological mechanisms. We suggest that further research focus on investigating the impact of the etiological risk factors and their interactions with developmental neural mechanisms and clinical profiles in ADHD. Such research would have heuristic value for identifying biologically homogeneous subgroups and could facilitate the development of novel and more tailored interventions that target underlying neural anomalies characteristic of more homogeneous subgroups.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpe
                Revista Portuguesa de Educação
                Rev. Port. de Educação
                Centro de Investigação em Educação. Instituto de Educação da Universidade do Minho (Braga, , Portugal )
                0871-9187
                2183-0452
                June 2024
                : 37
                : 1
                : e24019
                Affiliations
                [1] Rio Grande do Sul orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-8433
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8273-2146
                Article
                S0871-91872024000100219 S0871-9187(24)03700100219
                10.21814/rpe.26335
                96048536-7bb1-4af7-8c11-a56369a2b77c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 January 2022
                : 14 February 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Portugal

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Professores,Conhecimento.,KADDS,ADHD,Teachers,Knowledge.,TDAH,Profesores,Conocimiento.

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