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      Navigating Liminality in Evolving Forensic Anthropology Professionalism

      review-article
      1 ,
      American Journal of Biological Anthropology
      John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
      education, ethics, forensic anthropology, professionalism, standards

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          ABSTRACT

          Emerging aspects of professionalism within forensic anthropology, while enhancing the scientific foundation and practice for the discipline, have created liminalistic spaces and experiences in education and training, employment, ethics, and identities that reflect the broader transitional status in the discipline as a whole. These liminal states and problems are discussed in terms of their creation, development, and potential for resolution. They are interpreted within a liminal framework which requires navigation through significant changes in roles, status, and identity in forensic anthropology practice. Recommendations for mitigating the identified deficiencies, ambiguities, and frustrations they produce include expansion of educational training, certification, employment options, and roles and responsibilities, as well as adherence to standards and recognition and promotion of self‐care. Successful navigation of these issues will lead to a stronger future for both the discipline and the practitioner.

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          Most cited references75

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          The weathering hypothesis and the health of African-American women and infants: evidence and speculations.

          Observed variation between populations in fertility-timing distributions has been thought to contribute to infant mortality differentials. This hypothesis is based, in part, on the belief that the 20s through early 30s constitute "prime" childbearing ages that are low-risk relative to younger or older ages. However, when stratified by racial identification over the predominant first child-bearing ages, maternal age patterns of neonatal mortality vary between groups. Unlike non-Hispanic white infants, African-American infants with teen mothers experience a survival advantage relative to infants whose mothers are older. The black-white infant mortality differential is larger at older maternal ages than at younger ages. While African Americans and non-Hispanic whites differ on which maternal ages are associated with the lowest risk of neonatal mortality, within each population, first births are most frequent at its lowest-risk maternal ages. As a possible explanation for racial variation in maternal age patterns of births and birth outcomes, the "weathering hypothesis" is proposed: namely, that the health of African-American women may begin to deteriorate in early adulthood as a physical consequence of cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage.
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            An Anthropology of Structural Violence

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              A blueprint to assess professionalism: results of a systematic review.

              Assessing professionalism is hampered by varying definitions and these definitions' lack of a clear breakdown of the elements of professionalism into aspects that can be measured. Professionalism is multidimensional, so a combination of assessment tools is required. In this study, conducted during 2007-2008, the authors aimed to match assessment tools to definable elements of professionalism and to identify gaps where professionalism elements are not well addressed by existing assessment tools. The authors conducted literature reviews of definitions of professionalism and of relevant assessment tools, clustered the definitions of professionalism into assessable components, and clustered assessment tools of a similar nature. They then created a "blueprint" whereby the elements of professionalism are matched to relevant assessment tools. Five clusters of professionalism were formed: adherence to ethical practice principles, effective interactions with patients and with people who are important to those patients, effective interactions with people working within the health system, reliability, and commitment to autonomous maintenance / improvement of competence in oneself, others, and systems. Nine clusters of assessment tools were identified: observed clinical encounters, collated views of coworkers, records of incidents of unprofessionalism, critical incident reports, simulations, paper-based tests, patients' opinions, global views of supervisor, and self-administered rating scales. Professionalism can be assessed using a combination of observed clinical encounters, multisource feedback, patients' opinions, paper-based tests or simulations, measures of research and/or teaching activities, and scrutiny of self-assessments compared with assessments by others. Attributes that require more development in their measurement are reflectiveness, advocacy, lifelong learning, dealing with uncertainty, balancing availability to others with care for oneself, and seeking and responding to results of an audit.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                doboyd@radford.edu
                Journal
                Am J Biol Anthropol
                Am J Biol Anthropol
                10.1002/(ISSN)2692-7691
                AJPA
                American Journal of Biological Anthropology
                John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (Hoboken, USA )
                2692-7691
                29 December 2024
                January 2025
                : 186
                : 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/ajpa.v186.1 )
                : e25054
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Anthropological Sciences and Radford University Forensic Science Institute Radford Virginia USA
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence:

                Donna C. Boyd ( doboyd@ 123456radford.edu )

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4633-7903
                Article
                AJPA25054 AJPA-2024-00017.R3
                10.1002/ajpa.25054
                11682692
                39733331
                95d7f43d-9f67-47a1-8cda-e449d56196c5
                © 2024 The Author(s). American Journal of Biological Anthropology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                : 02 November 2024
                : 17 January 2024
                : 13 December 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 0, Pages: 14, Words: 11400
                Categories
                Synthesis
                Synthesis
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                January 2025
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.5.1 mode:remove_FC converted:29.12.2024

                education,ethics,forensic anthropology,professionalism,standards

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