Preliminary results of SARS-CoV-2 detection in sewerage system in Niterói municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Abstract

This study presents preliminary results from a sewage-based surveillance to monitor the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the municipality of Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. By using ultracentrifugation method associated to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) we detected SARS-CoV-2 in 41.6% (5/12) of raw sewage samples obtained from sewage treatment plants and sewers network in the city. This pioneer study carried out in Brazil aims to subsidise information for health surveillance concerning the viral circulation in different areas of the city and, revealed the insertion and importance of environmental virology in health public policies.

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World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)

Catrin Sohrabi, Zaid Alsafi, Niamh O'Neill … (2020)

An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus was identified as the causative agent and was subsequently termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Considered a relative of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 is caused by a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 that affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with 90,870 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 3,000 deaths worldwide. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the current state of knowledge surrounding COVID-19.

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Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19

Xi. He, Eric Lau, Peng Wu … (2020)

We report temporal patterns of viral shedding in 94 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and modeled COVID-19 infectiousness profiles from a separate sample of 77 infector-infectee transmission pairs. We observed the highest viral load in throat swabs at the time of symptom onset, and inferred that infectiousness peaked on or before symptom onset. We estimated that 44% (95% confidence interval, 25-69%) of secondary cases were infected during the index cases' presymptomatic stage, in settings with substantial household clustering, active case finding and quarantine outside the home. Disease control measures should be adjusted to account for probable substantial presymptomatic transmission.

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First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community

Warish Ahmed, Nicola Angel, Janette Edson … (2020)

Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, is accompanied by the shedding of the virus in stool. Therefore, the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater affords the ability to monitor the prevalence of infections among the population via wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). In the current work, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was concentrated from wastewater in a catchment in Australia and viral RNA copies were enumerated using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) resulting in two positive detections within a six day period from the same wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The estimated RNA copy numbers observed in the wastewater were then used to estimate the number of infected individuals in the catchment via Monte Carlo simulation. Given the uncertainty and variation in the input parameters, the model estimated a median range of 171 to 1090 infected persons in the catchment, which is in reasonable agreement with clinical observations. This work highlights the viability of WBE for monitoring infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, in communities. The work also draws attention to the need for further methodological and molecular assay validation for enveloped viruses in wastewater.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

Journal ID (publisher-id): mioc

Title: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Publisher: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde

ISSN (Print): 0074-0276

ISSN (Electronic): 1678-8060

Publication date (Electronic): 27 July 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 115

Electronic Location Identifier: e200196

Affiliations

[1 ]Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

[2 ]Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

[3 ]Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Author notes

+ Corresponding author: marizepm@ 123456ioc.fiocruz.br

TP and TMF contributed equally to this work.

TP and TMF wrote the manuscript and contributed to the design and execution of the methodologies; CFM with the logistics of the monitored areas and sample collection; AGM carried out virus concentration; MMS with the editing and revision of the manuscript and MPM with the conception, coordination and supervision of research. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to this work.

Author information

Marize Pereira Miagostovich http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-8093

Article

Other ID: 00412

DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200196

PMC ID: 7384299

PubMed ID: 32725059

SO-VID: 939d0e1f-06b9-4a93-9934-c7f3d7080996

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

History

Date received : 27 April 2020

Date accepted : 09 July 2020

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Figures: 1, Tables: 1, References: 12

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Preliminary results of SARS-CoV-2 detection in sewerage system in Niterói municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 12

World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)

Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19

First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community

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