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      Avaliação da virulência em hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) de estirpes de Mycobacterium avium presentes na população de suínos do sul do Brasil Translated title: Evaluation of the virulence in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) of Mycobacterium avium strains from the swine population of the south of Brazil

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          Abstract

          Tendo sido comprovada a existência de quatro famílias molecularmente distintas de M. avium (PIG-A, B, C e D) circulando em suínos da região sul do Brasil, e havendo dúvidas a respeito da importância da transmissão horizontal como mecanismo de manutenção da doença, o presente teve por objetivo estudar a virulência dessas estirpes, informação importante para o aperfeiçoamento dos métodos de controle. Uma estirpe representante de cada família foi inoculada pela via intra-peritoneal em 48 hamsters com uma dose de 30.000 U.F.C. por animal. Após 2, 13, 26 e 40 dias da inoculação (T1 a T4), 12 hamsters inoculados de cada família foram anestesiados, sacrificados e os agentes foram quantificados no fígado, baço e pulmão. Os resultados foram expressos em número de U.F.C./g de órgão. A presença das estirpes foi pesquisada no sangue e também foram realizados exames histológicos. As estirpes PIG-A, B, C e D induziram a formação de lesões granulomatosas no fígado e baço a partir do segundo dia pós-inoculação e disseminaram-se pela via hemática, alcançando os pulmões. O baço sempre apresentou maiores contagens de U.F.C., seguido pelo figado e pulmões. Diferenças entre as estirpes foram constatadas através de análises das contagens de U.F.C de baço (T1: p<0,001; T2: p<0,001; T3: p<0,001 e T4: p<0,001), permitindo a construção da seguinte escala de virulência: PIG-B> PIG-A> PIG-D> PIG-C.

          Translated abstract

          The finding of four clusters of M. avium (PIG-A, B, C and D), typed by the IS1245-RFLP method, infecting the swine population of the south region of Brazil, the possible existence of virulence differences among them, the role of the virulence in the transmission mechanisms of infections and the existence of reasonable doubts regarding the importance of horizontal transmission for swine micobacteriosis, the virulence of these four strains of M. avium were compared. Bacteria from each cluster were inoculated in 48 hamsters by intra-peritoneal route. On the 2nd, 13th, 26th, and 40th days after inoculation, (T1 to T4), 12 animals of each cluster were sacrificed with vapors of ethyl ether and the bacteria were quantified in the liver, spleen and lung. Results were expressed as cfu/g of organ. The presence of the strains was verified in the blood and histological exams were also accomplished. The four strains induced granulomatous lesions in the liver and spleen since 2 days after inoculation and were disseminated to the lungs through the blood stream. The cfu counts from spleen were always bigger them that obtained from liver and lungs. Differences among strains were observed through the analysis of cfu counts from spleen (T1: p<0,001; T2: p<0,001; T3: p<0,001 and T4: p<0,001), allowing the construction of the following virulence scale: PIG-B> PIG-A> PIG-D> PIG-C.

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          Most cited references28

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          Misidentification rate in the Israeli dairy cattle population and its implications for genetic improvement.

          The DNA microsatellites can be efficiently used to determine incorrect paternity attribution of cattle without genotyping of dams. Allelic frequencies of the population were determined for 12 microsatellites using the maternal alleles of 102 AI sires. The frequency of the most common microsatellite allele ranged from 0.27 to 0.58. Most loci had at least one allele that was present in only a single individual. Paternity of 9 of 173 cows (5.2%) and 3 of 102 bulls (2.9%) was excluded because putative paternal alleles were not present in progeny for at least one locus. For 4 of the 9 cows and all 3 bulls, exclusion was based on at least two loci. Mean probability of exclusion was 0.85 for cows and 0.99 for bulls. With an assumed cost of US $5 per genotype, a misidentification rate of 5%, and a discount rate of 0.05, additional profit for the Israeli-Holstein breeding program from genotyping 100 test daughters of each young sire becomes positive within 10 yr and reaches nearly US $2.4 million after 20 yr.
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            The Mycobacterium avium complex.

            Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease emerged early in the epidemic of AIDS as one of the common opportunistic infections afflicting human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. However, only over the past few years has a consensus developed about its significance to the morbidity and mortality of AIDS. M. avium was well known to mycobacteriologists decades before AIDS, and the MAC was known to cause disease, albeit uncommon, in humans and animals. The early interest in the MAC provided a basis for an explosion of studies over the past 10 years largely in response to the role of the MAC in AIDS opportunistic infection. Molecular techniques have been applied to the epidemiology of MAC disease as well as to a better understanding of the genetics of antimicrobial resistance. The interaction of the MAC with the immune system is complex, and putative MAC virulence factors appear to have a direct effect on the components of cellular immunity, including the regulation of cytokine expression and function. There now is compelling evidence that disseminated MAC disease in humans contributes to both a decrease in the quality of life and survival. Disseminated disease most commonly develops late in the course of AIDS as the CD4 cells are depleted below a critical threshold, but new therapies for prophylaxis and treatment offer considerable promise. These new therapeutic modalities are likely to be useful in the treatment of other forms of MAC disease in patients without AIDS. The laboratory diagnosis of MAC disease has focused on the detection of mycobacteria in the blood and tissues, and although the existing methods are largely adequate, there is need for improvement. Indeed, the successful treatment of MAC disease clearly will require an early and rapid detection of the MAC in clinical specimens long before the establishment of the characteristic overwhelming infection of bone marrow, liver, spleen, and other tissue. Also, a standard method of susceptibility testing is of increasing interest and importance as new effective antimicrobial agents are identified and evaluated. Antimicrobial resistance has already emerged as an important problem, and methods for circumventing resistance that use combination therapies are now being studied.
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              Relationship between IS901 in the Mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from birds, animals, humans, and the environment and virulence for poultry.

              A total of 738 strains of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) were examined in biological experiments on poultry by use of PCR methods with primers for detection of the insertion sequence IS901. Serotype strains of MAC from all known 28 serotypes were examined. Further strains were isolated from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and HIV-positive patients, 6 animal species, 17 bird species, and the environment. Of 165 strains virulent for poultry, characterized by generalized tuberculosis, 164 strains contained IS901, a result which is statistically highly significant (P, 0.01). The remaining 573 strains were nonvirulent; however, IS901 was present in 24 strains. From among 20 strains of serotypes 1, 2, and 3, IS901 was found in 15 strains, only 5 of which were virulent for poultry. The remaining 111 strains, of serotypes 4 to 28, were nonvirulent and did not incorporate IS901. None of the 152 strains isolated from humans was virulent for poultry, including 12 strains which were IS901 positive.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjvras
                Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science
                Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.
                Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia / Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1413-9596
                1678-4456
                2002
                : 39
                : 4
                : 202-207
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal
                [02] São Paulo SP orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola Paulista de Medicina
                [03] Concórdia SC orgnameEmbrapa orgdiv1Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Suínos e Aves
                Article
                S1413-95962002000400007 S1413-9596(02)03900407
                10.1590/S1413-95962002000400007
                92360ee6-8e14-4396-af14-39d8d36189c2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 May 2002
                : 20 February 2002
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Micobacteriosis,Mycobacterium avium,Virulência,Suínos,Micobacteriose,Tuberculose,Virulence,Swine,Tuberculosis

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