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      Clarithromycin Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium avium Complex Using 2,3-Diphenyl-5-thienyl-(2)-tetrazolium Chloride Microplate Assay with Middlebrook 7H9 Broth

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          Abstract

          A series of 119 Mycobacterium avium complex isolates were subjected to clarithromycin susceptibility testing using microplates containing 2,3-diphenyl-5-thienyl-(2)-tetrazolium chloride (STC). Among 119 isolates, 114 (95.8%) were susceptible to clarithromycin and 5 were resistant according to the new and the standard method. STC counts the low cost and reduces the number of procedures needed for susceptibility testing.

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          Clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from respiratory specimens in Korea.

          Won-Jung Koh, O Jung Kwon, Christopher Y. Park … (2006)
          Precise epidemiologic data regarding nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung infection in many Asian countries have been relatively unavailable. In order to determine the clinical significance of NTM isolated from respiratory specimens, we reviewed medical records from all patients from whom NTM isolates were recovered within a 2-year period. We identified all NTM isolates from respiratory specimens at the Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, South Korea) obtained from January 2002 to December 2003. We then reviewed the clinical and radiologic characteristics of the patients from whom NTM was isolated. Patients were classified as having either definite, probable, or unlikely NTM lung disease, as defined by the guidelines of both the American Thoracic Society and the British Thoracic Society. During the study period, 1,548 NTM isolates were recovered from 794 patients. Of these 794 patients, 131 patients (17%) were determined to have definite NTM lung disease, and 64 patients (8%) were designated as probable disease candidates. The most commonly involved organisms in the definite and probable NTM lung disease cases were Mycobacterium avium complex (n = 94, 48%) and Mycobacterium abscessus (n = 64, 33%). In 195 patients with NTM lung disease, 82 patients (42%) manifested the upper lobe cavitary form, 101 patients (52%) exhibited the nodular bronchiectatic form, and 12 patients (6%) exhibited the unclassifiable form. About one fourth of the patients in whom NTM was isolated from respiratory specimens were found to have clinically significant NTM lung infections. The spectrum of organisms responsible for the NTM lung disease in these Korean patients differed from those reported in other regions of the world. However, the estimates of clinical significance in this study may be underestimates due to the retrospective analysis. Some of the patients might have "true" NTM lung disease that could be diagnosed with continued evaluation and follow-up.
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            Recovery rate of NTM from AFB smear-positive sputum specimens at a medical centre in South Korea.

            G Bai, O Jung Kwon, Peter W M Chung … (2005)
            To investigate the recovery rate of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-positive sputum specimens at a tertiary care medical centre in South Korea with a high pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) burden. Retrospective analysis of data from AFB smear- and culture-positive sputum specimens collected between January 1998 and December 2001. Over 4 years, 1328 sputum specimens collected from 616 patients were AFB smear- and culture-positive. NTM were recovered from 9.1% (121/1328) of the smear-positive sputum specimens, and from 8.1% (50/616) of patients with smear-positive sputum. NTM were isolated at least twice in 94% (47/50) of the patients from whom NTM was recovered. The most common organism found was Mycobacterium avium complex, followed by M. abscessus. These results suggest that a substantial proportion of patients at a tertiary care medical centre in South Korea with AFB smear-positive sputum specimens may have NTM lung disease rather than PTB.
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              Determination of MICs for Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex in liquid medium by a colorimetric method.

              R Tamez, Sanjay Mehta, S. Gupta … (1995)
              We investigated the potential of a rapid colorimetric microassay based on the reduction of dimethylthiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) for determining the growth of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAC) and MICs of clofazimine, resorcinomycin A, and the quinolone PD 127391 against MAC. The reduction of MTT was directly proportional to the number of viable bacteria. A comparison of the MTT reduction test with the [3H]glycerol uptake assay showed the former to possess higher analytical sensitivity for detecting MAC growth in microtiter plates. The MIT reduction test avoids the use of radioisotopes and costly material and equipment; it is reliable, reproducible, and convenient for rapid routine susceptibility testing of MAC.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Korean Med Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JKMS
                Title: Journal of Korean Medical Science
                Publisher: The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 1011-8934
                ISSN (Electronic): 1598-6357
                Publication date (Print): June 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 June 2009
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 511-512
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Seoul, Korea.
                [2 ]Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
                [3 ]Division of Social Medicine and Health Inequalities, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
                [4 ]Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
                [5 ]Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
                [6 ]Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
                [7 ]Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Chulhun L. Chang, M.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Beomeo-ri, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 626-770, Korea. Tel: 82.55-360-1870, Fax: 82.55-360-1880, CCHL@ 123456pusan.ac.kr
                Article
                DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2009.24.3.511
                PMC ID: 2698201
                PubMed ID: 19543518
                SO-VID: 91cc70cd-2ef9-414e-8d91-a8c3ef13601d
                Copyright © Copyright © 2009 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 15 April 2008
                Date accepted : 17 July 2008
                Categories
                Subject: Brief Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: microtiter method,susceptibility testing,tetrazolium,clarithromycin,mycobacterium avium complex
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: microtiter method, susceptibility testing, tetrazolium, clarithromycin, mycobacterium avium complex

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