Involvement of ethylene signaling in zinc oxide nanoparticle-mediated biochemical changes in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>leaves

Author(s): Ali Raza Khan ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Abdul Wakeel ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Noor Muhammad ⁶ ^, ⁷ ^, ⁸ , Bohan Liu ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Minjie Wu ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Yihua Liu ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Imran Ali ⁹ ^, ¹⁰ ^, ¹¹ ^, ⁸ , Syed Hassan Raza Zaidi ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Wardah Azhar ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Ge Song ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Junyu Wu ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Yinbo Gan ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵

Publication date (Electronic): 2019

Journal: Environmental Science: Nano

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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Abstract

The growing use of metallic nanoparticles in industry has resulted in their accumulation in agricultural land, which poses a serious threat to the yield and quality of crops worldwide.

Abstract

The growing use of metallic nanoparticles in industry has resulted in their accumulation in agricultural land, which poses a serious threat to the yield and quality of crops worldwide. Various reports showed that plants face environmental stress through hormones; however, the regulation of ethylene under ZnO NP stress is still unknown. In this study, ethylene-signaling defective mutants ( etr1-3and ein2-1) were studied in comparison to Arabidopsiswild-type under ZnO NPs stress. We found that ZnO NPs significantly inhibited the growth of Arabidopsisand induced toxicity by regulating the expression of cell cycle-related genes. More importantly our results showed the involvement of ethylene signaling and biosynthesis in this process. The ZnO NPs affected the biomass, and chlorophyll and sugar contents in both the ethylene-insensitive mutants and wild-type plants. The higher ROS accumulation and increased lipid peroxidation showed that the ZnO NPs induced toxicity in Arabidopsis. The observed high antioxidant enzyme activities and mRNA transcript levels of their corresponding genes in the mutant plants clearly showed the tolerance of the ethylene-insensitive mutants compared to the wild-type plant against oxidative damage caused by ZnO NP stress. Overall, our results showed that the ethylene-insensitive mutants tolerated ZnO NP-induced stress more efficiently than WT. These results suggest that ethylene induces oxidative damage in plants under ZnO NP stress.

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[13] Catalase in vitro

Hugo Aebi (1984)

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Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction.

Klaus Apel, Heribert Hirt (2004)

Several reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in plants as byproducts of aerobic metabolism. Depending on the nature of the ROS species, some are highly toxic and rapidly detoxified by various cellular enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. Whereas plants are surfeited with mechanisms to combat increased ROS levels during abiotic stress conditions, in other circumstances plants appear to purposefully generate ROS as signaling molecules to control various processes including pathogen defense, programmed cell death, and stomatal behavior. This review describes the mechanisms of ROS generation and removal in plants during development and under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. New insights into the complexity and roles that ROS play in plants have come from genetic analyses of ROS detoxifying and signaling mutants. Considering recent ROS-induced genome-wide expression analyses, the possible functions and mechanisms for ROS sensing and signaling in plants are compared with those in animals and yeast.