183
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    30
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Sentinel lymph node biopsy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: 10 years of experience Translated title: Il linfonodo sentinella nel carcinoma squamocellulare della testa e collo: 10 anni di esperienza

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          SUMMARY

          Sentinel node (SN) biopsy of head and neck cancer is still considered investigational, and agreement on the width of the surgical sampling has not yet been reached. From May 1999 to Dec 2009, 209 consecutive patients entered a prospective study: 61.7% had primary tumour of the oral cavity and 23.9% of the oropharynx. SN was not found in 26 patients. Based on these data and definitive histopathological analysis, we proposed six hypothetic scenarios to understand the percentage of neck recurrences following different treatments Among patients with identified SN, 54 cases were pN+: 47 in SN and 7 in a different node. Considering the six hypothetic scenarios: "only SN removal", "SN level dissection", "neck dissection from the tumour site to SN level", "selective neck dissection of three levels (SND)", "dissection from level I to IV" and "comprehensive I-V dissection", neck recurrences could be expected in 6.5%, 3.8%, 2.18%, 2.73%, 1.09% and 1.09% of cases, respectively. SN biopsy can be considered a useful tool to personalize the surgical approach to a N0 carcinoma. The minimum treatment of the neck is probably dissection of the levels between the primary tumour and the level containing the SN(s). Outside the framework of a clinical study, the best treatment can still be considered SND.

          RIASSUNTO

          La biopsia del linfonodo sentinella (SN) nel carcinoma squamocellulare della testa e collo è ancora considerata investigazionale e non è stata raggiunta unanimità su quanto ampio debba essere il prelievo da utilizzare. In questo studio prospettico, dal maggio 1999 al dicembre 2009, sono stati analizzati 209 pazienti consecutivi: 61,7% con tumore primitivo della cavità orale e 23,9% dell'orofaringe. Il SN non è stato identificato in 26 pazienti. Sulla base dei referti istopatologici definitivi, vengono creati sei scenari per ipotizzare quale sarebbe stato il tasso di ricorrenza nel collo se fossero stati impiegati i diversi trattamenti, più o meno invasivi. Dal totale di pazienti in cui è stato localizzato il SN, 54 casi sono stati pN+: 47 nel SN e 7 in un altro linfonodo. Considerando i sei scenari ipotetici: "rimozione solo SN", "dissezione livello contenente il SN", "svuotamento laterocervicale dal sito del tumore al livello del SN", "svuotamento selettivo di tre livelli (SND)", "svuotamento dei livelli I-IV" e "svuotamento dei livelli I-V", si sarebbero potute attendere rispettivamente 6,5%, 3,8%, 2,18%, 2,73%, 1,09% e 1,09% di recidive nel collo. La biopsia del SN può essere considerato uno strumento utile per personalizzare l'approccio chirurgico di un carcinoma squamocellulare N0 della testa e collo. Il trattamento minimo del collo è probabilmente la dissezione dei livelli fra il tumore primitivo ed il livello che contiene SN(s). Al di fuori di studi clinici, il miglior trattamento rimane lo SND.

          Related collections

          Most cited references36

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The influence of lymph node metastasis in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx: N0 versus N+.

          Management of the N0 neck is a continuing controversy. The study compares the influence of N0 and N+ disease on the results of treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the oral cavity (OC), oropharynx (OP), larynx (LX), and hypopharynx (HP) with five different treatment modalities. The study also compares the results of four different approaches to the treatment of the N0 neck. A retrospective study of 3887 patients. Patients in the Tumor Research Project of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of the Washington University School of Medicine (St. Louis, MO) with biopsy-proven previously untreated SCCA of one of the four above-mentioned regions who were treated with curative intent by one of five modalities and who were eligible for 5-year follow-up were included in the study. The treatment modalities included local resection of primary alone (LR), composite resection (primary with neck dissection) (CR), radiation therapy alone (RT), local resection with radiation therapy (LR/RT), and composite resection with radiation therapy (CR/RT). The N0 neck was treated with one of four approaches: observation with close follow-up reserving treatment only for subsequent neck disease, neck dissection, RT to the neck region, and a combination of neck dissection with RT. Multiple diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up parameters were studied using standard statistical analyses to determine statistical significance. The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) for the all-sites group (ASG) was 59%. The DSS for the subsites included the following: OC, 53%; OP, 47%; LX, 70%; and HP, 42%. Patients with N0 disease had significantly better DSS than patients with N+ disease at all sites. Occult neck disease in N0 patients was low with 4% pN1 for ASG, OC, and LX and with 11% pN1 for OP and HP. There was 3% pN2 for LX, 4% pN2 for ASG and OC, and 6% pN2 for OP and HP. The DSS for patients with occult neck disease was statistically similar to that of N+ patients. Prognostic survival indicators included age, decade of treatment, T stage, N stage, TN stage, treatment modality, and recurrence. Patients over 65 years of age had poorer DSS than younger patients. Staging T, N, and TN affected survival at all sites. Local resection produced better DSS for ASG, OC, LX, and HP patients. Local resection with radiation therapy produced increased DSS for ASG and OC patients. There was no survival advantage for HP patients related to treatment modality. Treatment of the N0 neck with observation and later treatment for subsequent neck disease produced a survival advantage for patients in the ASG. This advantage was specific for ASG and LX patients staged T1N0. For patients staged T2N0, T3N0, and T4N0 at all four subsites there was no survival advantage for any of the four neck approaches. Lymph node metastasis significantly and negatively affects DSS in patients with SCCA of the OC, OP, LX and HP. The rate of occult neck disease (pN+) in N0 patients receiving meticulous workup is low. When present, it produces DSS rates similar to those found in N+ patients. In the study series, there was decreased survival in patients older than 65 years of age, in patients with advanced tumor (T, N, TN), and in patients with recurrent disease. None of the four current approaches to treatment of the N0 neck produces a significant survival advantage. Close observation with later treatment reserved for subsequent neck disease produces statistically similar survival (DSS) to the three elective (prophylactic) treatments and is a valid form of treatment. It may preclude unnecessary treatment of the neck with its attendant risks and complications.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials on elective neck dissection versus therapeutic neck dissection in oral cavity cancers with clinically node-negative neck.

            There is still no consensus on the optimal treatment of the neck in oral cavity cancer patients with clinical N0 neck. The aim of this study was to assess a possible benefit of elective neck dissection in oral cancers with clinical N0 neck. A comprehensive search and systematic review of electronic databases was carried out for randomized trials comparing elective neck dissection to therapeutic neck dissection (observation) in oral cancer patients with clinical N0 neck. A meta-analysis of the studies which met our defined selection criteria was performed using disease-specific death as the primary outcome, and the relative risk (RR) of disease-specific death was calculated for each of the identified studies. Both fixed-effects (Mantel-Haenszel method) and random-effects models were applied to obtain a combined RR estimate, although between-study heterogeneity was not found to be significant as indicated by an I(2) of 8.5% (p=0.350). Four studies with a total of 283 patients met our inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis showed that elective neck dissection reduced the risk of disease-specific death (fixed-effects model RR=0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.89, p=0.014; random-effects model RR=0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.96, p=0.034) compared to observation. This reduction in disease-specific death rate supports the need to perform elective neck dissection in oral cancers with clinical N0 neck. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Function, postoperative morbidity, and quality of life after cervical sentinel node biopsy and after selective neck dissection.

              Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has been proposed for staging of N0 neck in oral/oropharyngeal carcinomas. It is claimed that SNB may be superior to selective neck dissection (SND) with respect to quality of life (QOL) and postoperative morbidity. Twenty-four patients after SNB and 25 patients after SND (levels I-III) were enrolled. QOL and psychosocial variables were assessed by the health-related EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, the disease-specific EORTC QLQ-H&N35 module, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a fear of progression questionnaire. The functional status was evaluated by scores for cervical scar, extent of lymphedema (Miller score), sensory function, function of facial and hypoglossal nerve, cervical spine, and shoulder (Constant score). Health-related QOL measurement revealed no differences between the 2 groups. Disease-specific QOL scores showed fewer swallowing problems in SNB patients (p = .043). SNB patients felt less fear of progression, experienced significantly less impairment from cervical scars, and had less sensory dysfunction and better shoulder function. Functional outcome after SNB is significantly better than after SND; however, this is not reflected in the scores of QOL questionnaires.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital
                Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital
                Pacini
                Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica
                Pacini Editore SpA
                0392-100X
                1827-675X
                February 2012
                : 32
                : 1
                : 18-25
                Affiliations
                S.C. Otorinolaringoiatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy;
                [1 ] S.C. Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria degli Angeli,Pordenone, Italy;
                [2 ] S.C. Medicina Nucleare, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Luigi Barzan, Azienda Ospedaliera "Santa Maria degli Angeli", Struttura Complessa ORL, Padiglione B, via Montereale 24, 33170 Pordenone, Italy. Tel. +39 0434 399510, +39 0434 399568. Fax +39 0434 399753. E-mail: luigi. barzan@ 123456aopn.fvg.it
                Article
                Pacini
                3324960
                22500062
                8f811667-22b4-4a63-902d-315c4a93b8fa
                © Copyright by Società Italiana di Otorinolaringologia e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License, which permits for noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any digital medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not altered in any way. For details, please refer to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

                History
                : 01 July 2011
                : 11 November 2011
                Categories
                Head and Neck

                Otolaryngology
                nodal metastasis,sentinel node,head and neck cancer,neck dissection,squamous cell carcinoma

                Comments

                Comment on this article