Human orf virus (family <i>Poxviridae</i>) infection following a lamb bite in Hungary

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Abstract

Human orf disease (called ecthyma contagiosum or contagious/infectious pustular dermatitis in animals) was confirmed on the fingers of both hands of a 24-year-old female, after feeding diseased lambs with a nursing bottle in April 2023. In addition to skin symptoms, she had low-grade fever (37.6°C) and swollen lymph nodes in both axilla. The presence of orf virus (genus Parapoxvirus, family Poxviridae) was confirmed, and this strain, Baja/2023/HUN (OR372161-OR372163), was found to have > 98% nucleotide sequence identity to sheep-origin orf viruses in four tested genome regions (ORF011/B2L, ORF019, ORF020/VIR, and ORF056). This is the first report of a human case of infection with the neglected zoonotic orf virus in Hungary.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00705-024-06002-w.

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MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11

Koichiro Tamura, Glen Stecher, Sudhir Kumar (2021)

The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software has matured to contain a large collection of methods and tools of computational molecular evolution. Here, we describe new additions that make MEGA a more comprehensive tool for building timetrees of species, pathogens, and gene families using rapid relaxed-clock methods. Methods for estimating divergence times and confidence intervals are implemented to use probability densities for calibration constraints for node-dating and sequence sampling dates for tip-dating analyses. They are supported by new options for tagging sequences with spatiotemporal sampling information, an expanded interactive Node Calibrations Editor , and an extended Tree Explorer to display timetrees. Also added is a Bayesian method for estimating neutral evolutionary probabilities of alleles in a species using multispecies sequence alignments and a machine learning method to test for the autocorrelation of evolutionary rates in phylogenies. The computer memory requirements for the maximum likelihood analysis are reduced significantly through reprogramming, and the graphical user interface has been made more responsive and interactive for very big data sets. These enhancements will improve the user experience, quality of results, and the pace of biological discovery. Natively compiled graphical user interface and command-line versions of MEGA11 are available for Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS from www.megasoftware.net .

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Comparative analysis of genome sequences of three isolates of Orf virus reveals unexpected sequence variation.

S Friederichs, Andy Fraser, N Ueda … (2006)

Orf virus (ORFV) is the type species of the Parapoxvirus genus. Here, we present the genomic sequence of the most well studied ORFV isolate, strain NZ2. The NZ2 genome is 138 kbp and contains 132 putative genes, 88 of which are present in all analyzed chordopoxviruses. Comparison of the NZ2 genome with the genomes of 2 other fully sequenced isolates of ORFV revealed that all 3 genomes carry each of the 132 genes, but there are substantial sequence variations between isolates in a significant number of genes, including 9 with inter-isolate amino acid sequence identity of only 38-79%. Each genome has an average of 64% G+C but each has a distinctive pattern of substantial deviation from the average within particular regions of the genome. The same pattern of variation was also seen in the genome of another parapoxvirus species and was clearly unlike the uniform patterns of G+C content seen in all other genera of chordopoxviruses. The availability of genomic sequences of three orf virus isolates allowed us to more accurately assess likely coding regions and thereby revise published data for 24 genes and to predict two previously unrecognized genes.

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GC content-based pan-pox universal PCR assays for poxvirus detection.

Yu Li, Ming-Hui Zhao, Hermann Meyer … (2009)

Chordopoxviruses of the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, family Poxviridae, infect vertebrates and consist of at least eight genera with broad host ranges. For most chordopoxviruses, the number of viral genes and their relative order are highly conserved in the central region. The GC content of chordopoxvirus genomes, however, evolved into two distinct types: those with genome GC content of more than 60% and those with a content of less than 40% GC. Two standard PCR assays were developed to identify chordopoxviruses based on whether the target virus has a low or high GC content. In design of the assays, the genus Avipoxvirus, which encodes major rearrangements of gene clusters, was excluded. These pan-pox assays amplify DNA from more than 150 different isolates and strains, including from primary clinical materials, from all seven targeted genera of chordopoxviruses and four unclassified new poxvirus species. The pan-pox assays represent an important advance for the screening and diagnosis of human and animal poxvirus infections, and the technology used is accessible to many laboratories worldwide.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Gábor Reuter:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-4934

reuter.gabor@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Arch Virol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Arch Virol

Title: Archives of Virology

Publisher: Springer Vienna (Vienna )

ISSN (Print): 0304-8608

ISSN (Electronic): 1432-8798

Publication date (Electronic): 2 March 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 2 March 2024

Publication date (Print): 2024

Volume: 169

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 59

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, Medical School, University of Pécs, ( https://ror.org/037b5pv06) Pécs, Hungary

[2 ]Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, ( https://ror.org/037b5pv06) Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary

[3 ]Szent Rókus Hospital, Baja, Hungary

[4 ]Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Pécs, ( https://ror.org/037b5pv06) Pécs, Hungary

[5 ]Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, ( https://ror.org/03vayv672) Budapest, Hungary

Author notes

Communicated by William G Dundon

Author information

Gábor Reuter http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-4934

Article

Publisher ID: 6002

DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06002-w

PMC ID: 10908620

PubMed ID: 38430421

SO-VID: 8f7fa15f-c731-4f55-97ec-c3f4642837c5

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 14 December 2023

Date accepted : 23 January 2024

Funding

Funded by: University of Pécs

Open Access :

Open access funding provided by University of Pécs.

Human orf virus (family Poxviridae) infection following a lamb bite in Hungary

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Supplementary Information

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Decoding Infection and Transmission

Most cited references 18

MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11

Comparative analysis of genome sequences of three isolates of Orf virus reveals unexpected sequence variation.

GC content-based pan-pox universal PCR assays for poxvirus detection.

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