Cr ³⁺ ‐Doped Broadband NIR Garnet Phosphor with Enhanced Luminescence and its Application in NIR Spectroscopy

Last decade's advances and modern aspects of near infrared spectroscopy are critically examined and reviewed. Innovative instrumentation, highlighted by portable and imaging instruments, chemometrics data multivariate processing, and new and valuable applications are presented and discussed. Because of these advances, this mature analytical technique is continually experiencing renewed interest. The drawbacks and misuses of the technique and its supporting mathematical tools are also addressed. The principal achievements in the field are shown in a critical manner, in order to understand why the technique has found intensive application in the most diverse and modern areas of analytical importance during the last ten years.

The relatively good transparency of biological materials in the near infrared region of the spectrum permits sufficient photon transmission through organs in situ for the monitoring of cellular events. Observations by infrared transillumination in the exposed heart and in the brain in cephalo without surgical intervention show that oxygen sufficiency for cytochrome a,a3, function, changes in tissue blood volume, and the average hemoglobin-oxyhemoglobin equilibrium can be recorded effectively and in continuous fashion for research and clinical purposes. The copper atom associated with heme a3 did not respond to anoxia and may be reduced under normoxic conditions, whereas the heme-a copper was at least partially reducible.